Untitled Flashcards Set
What is Divine Revelation?
God communicates who GOD IS to humankind through word and action over time (salvation history)
The fullest revelation is in His Son, Jesus who makes it possible for us to share God's own life.
Why divine revelation?
to share with us the divine life! Union!
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What is philosophy?
the human attempt to provide rational explanations for why things are the way they are and for how people should conduct their lives
What is Salvation History?
- The story of God's saving actions in human history
- The lived story of God's relationship with humanity and God's love poured out for all humanity
- Reveals God's desire for humanity
- Begins with the work of creation
What is the Trinity?
Father, Son, Holy Spirit in eternal communion of love
What is Original Holiness?
To share intimately within God's divine life
What is Original Justice?
Harmony with God, creation, and each other
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Is human reason limited?
Yes, human reason is limited
Why is human reason limited?
1. Our search leads us to realize that we cannot satisfy out search for truth and meaning completely on our own.
2. Our human reason leads us to recognize that there is a greater truth beyond what we can know from our experience of the world
What is the Catholic Church's answer to the Search For Truth and Meaning?
- Our search for truth and meaning, and our understanding of the universe leads us to seek the Creator and Source of All Life
- God as the Creator and Source of All Life is unlimited, beyond our abilities to explain or know completely on our own
- God revealed in His Creation, but also reaches out to us directly to tell us who He is and what His plan for us is
How is creation the work of the Father?
He created the world and gives his love to it in a similar way that he has always loved his Son.
How is creation the work of the Son?
He receives the Father's love and expresses it in return, impresses the image of the Father's love on all of creation.
How is creation the work of the Holy Spirit?
The bond of love between the Father and the Son, breathes life into creation
Why did God create?
God did not need to create; God does not need anything from us or from the world.
He created to manifest (make clear) his glory/love/perfection and to share it with humans
What were the 4 main events of the Paschal Mystery ?
Passion, Death, Resurrection and Ascension
Why these events were necessary
To save you from sin and give you the opportunity to be with him eternally in heaven.
The importance in all of salvation history
sheds light on all of history, especially the mission of Jesus christ.
lessons we get from the Paschal Mystery
We are destined for heaven
Life is stronger than death
Purpose of Divine Revelation
God reaches out to us directly to tell us who he is and what his plan is for us
The fullest revelation is in his son, Jesus who makes it fully possible for us to share God's own life.
What is the Deposit of Faith?
the heritage of faith contained in sacred scripture
handed on in the church from the apostles
the foundation for teaching of the magisterium
What is the inspiration for the Chruch?
the guidance of the Holy Spirit
What is sacred tradition?
The living transmission of the Gospel message
carried out through teaching, life and worship
What is Sacred Scripture?
the written record of God's revelation
inspired word of God
What is Magsterium?
official teaching office of the Chruch
Scripture is written with biblical inspiration
Literary form of the creation accounts
Uses of the literary form of "myth" to oppose the babylonian origin myths and express the truth about their relationship with the one true God
The time period of the creation accounts
Creation accounts in Genesis are written during/following the time of the israelite exile
Contrast with the Babylonian myths
What did the Holy Spirit inspire the human authors to do?
To communicate God's truth (Divine Revelation) and guided the writing.
What did the authors change when writing?
They used their own words, styles and skills in writing God's truth
What does the Holy Spirit guide the communitiy of the Church towards?
Understanding/uncovering God's truth
What happens if you read scripture too literally or narrowly?
We will miss the TRUTH that is in the account. To avoid, take into consideration the WHOLE of Scripture.
What is Religious Truth?
The deeper meaning God intended to communicate
Not trying to offer a scientific explanation or historical account of events
What does a religious truth answer?
- Who is God?
- Who are we in relationship to God?
- What is our origin and purpose?
How to find Religious truth?
- Use the senses of Scripture
Literal- meaning of the words, author's intention, purpose and meaning (time, literary form, etc).
Spiritual- deeper meaning (allegorical, moral anagogical)
What religious truths were revealed in the Creation accounts about God?
- They is ONE God (Trinity) Who alone is the Creator. God The Father sends his spirit across chaos to create order and beauty; God creates through HIs WORD (let there be light...)
- God created FREELY- nothing outside of God forced or directed the act of creation
- God created and ordered the universe to share and make known His Glory (IT IS GOOD!); All of Creation is Good!
What religious truths were revealed in the Creation accounts about Ourselves?
- Human beings are unique in Creation for we are created in God's image and likeness. He breathed His Own life into man.
- Human Beings have abilities unique to the rest of Creation (intelligence, freedom, love, conscience); this gives them HUMAN DIGNITY
-Human beings experience a unity of body and soul- their physical existence is not separate from who they are (relationship in same physical body)
- Man and woman were created for each other; to be suitable partners for each other (helpmate), to participate in God's creative power. They are equal to each other in dignity. but also different: man and woman compliment each other
What religious truths were revealed in the Creation accounts about God's Will?
- A relationship of LOVE is set up at Creation. COMMUNION with God and harmony with all of creation. God wants/wills for human beings to be happy - In relationship with Him and all of Creation (Original Justice + Holiness)- Humans beings have responsibility and freedom. Responsible to care for the rest of creation. Responsibility to care for each other
How do the Creation Accounts reveal why the Paschal Mystery was necessary?
God's plan of salvation was fulfilled through the 4 events in Christ's life.
How does Intellect/intelligence reflect the meaning of "made in God's image and likeness"?
Capacity to know and love God
Able to know truth about God
Able to understand God's laws
Able to discover truth, goodness and beauty
How does conscience reflect the meaning of "made in God's image and likeness"?
Ability to discern good from evil/truth from falsehood
Able to make judgment about choices
Make us responsible for our choices
Intellect and freedom make us responsible for forming our conscience
Can you make a value judgment call?
How does Freedom/free will/choice reflect the meaning of "made in God's image and likeness"?
Able to choose what is good and what is evil
Able to choose not only what we want
Gives control over our life; makes our life uniquely OURS
Makes love possible! And makes us responsible
How does love reflect the meaning of "made in God's image and likeness"?
Made to know and relate to God and others
Able to give and receive love
Leads to community
What does human dignity mean?
the ability for one to have control and respect for their life by themselves and others
Explain church teaching on complementary between science and religion when speaking of the origins of the universe
Scientific truth and religious truth received from Divine Revelation are "complementary path to One Truth"
They do not contradict one another
- Connects to what human ability? Intellect.
Intellect- can know God; human reason will ultimately lead us to knowing God in the world around us and knowing the limits of human reason
Summarize catholic teaching on human evolution and the creation of every unique human soul
The church has no official stance on evolution
God creates every individual human soul.
The human soul does not evolve from some created matter, nor is it inherited from our parents.
What is Original Sin?
Sin by which the first human beings disobeyed the commandment of God, choosing to follow their own will rather than God's will
Results in the loss of the grace of original holiness
Become subject to death, and sin becomes universally present in the world
Describes the fallen state of human nature
Makes Redemption by Christ (Paschal Mystery) necessary
How does Original Sin affect Human condition?
Inclination to sin is part of human reality because of the original fault committed by our first parents
Human nature is "wounded" meaning..
- We have tendency to sin
- We make errors in judgment
- We make wrong decisions
Describes human weakness, not humans being evil
in terms of the fall: intellect
Intellect plays a significant role in the fall because Eve knows she will gain intellect/knowledge from eating the fruit.
Eve remembers being told about the consequences of eating the fruit.
They hid from God after he came into the garden
Knows they sinned
When they heard God in the garden they felt remorse.
They can still hear God's voice
Conscience
They feel naked/ ashamed about what they did.
When they were talking to God they hid and lied. They knew what they did was wrong so they lied and tried to get away from God because they felt guilt in their conscience.
They know wrong from right.
Eve blames the serpent; Adam blames her and God
Free will
Adam and Eve are able to eat from any fruit though they are instructed not to.
Adam is able to deny Eve and say he doesn't want to take the apple from her but he doesn't
They both choose to eat the fruit and go against God's wishes of them
Eve at the apple because she wanted the wisdom
Adam knew the consequences and was with Eve and took the apple too.
They chose to follow the snakes word rather than Gods
They have the freedom to lie to God. They have freedom of speech and are able to say whatever they desire to God.
Had the option to confess to God but did not.
Freedom was never taken away from them.
Ability To Love
God creates this amazing world for Adam and Eve and tells them out of love they can have whatever they want except fruit from that one tree
If they had chose and for each other
Walked with God for eternity
No original sin
They would have had a stronger with each other
Stronger relationship with God
Would not have been subjected to the consequences that they faced (difficult to farm, difficult childbirth)
Adam could have said don't make that mistake
If Eve loved Adam she would not want him to take the apple
They don't love God because they chose to love the serpent
To love God would have been not to hide
Adam could have taken responsibility for his actions (not blame God)
Wanted to be equal with God
How does the Paschal Mystery save us from Original Sin?
The paschal mystery = REDEMPTION
The paschal mystery re-establishes the relationship God willed for us at Creation
Jesus' act of redemption "restored the possibility of eternal life with God"
The creation stories reflect the reality of eternal life with God!
Describe consequences of the Fall and contrast those with God's will for humanity
Human nature is wounded
We have the tendency to sin
We make errors in judgment
We make wrong choices
Communion with God is lost; there is separation; desire to be equal to God and not be with God. This differs because God made us with original justice.
Lack of trust in God's will (limits offer the best for humanity)
Suffering, dearth, sin, pain and struggle enter the world.
Effects of Original Sin
Passed down to all of humanity for the rest of time.
Loose original holiness
Not able to share in God's divine life anymore
Loose original justice
Not been restored
Caused us to lose harmony with ourselves/creation and God
Alienated humans from God/others/creation
Now all the children of Adam and Eve are born in the state of fallen grace
Consequences that God gave
Difficult childbirth
Connects to God saying we must be fertile and multiply
Bad farming
Man is told to take care of the garden
Definition on Angels?
are made out of spirit but their names describe what they do as God's servants and messengers
Characteristic of angles
Angels are intelligent, have will and personality. They are immortal creatures and they were made in a special way by being created through him and for him.
Angels served Jesus's earthly life. THey praised God in the desert and strengthened him during his suffering in the garden.
What is a Guardian Angel?
A personal companion who guides you through God's Will
baptized person has a guardian angel
What are qualities of Angels?
Full in spirit/pure spirit (no physical limits)
Intelligence, free will & personality
Messenger for God (servants)
Dwell in Heaven (present in Kingdom Of God)
Serve Jesus (Jesus' angel)
Belong to Christ
Whole life is worshiping and praying for God
How is there no evil in God?
The reality of sin and evil comes from God creating humans as limited and free to choose or reject him
How are Angels and Humans intelligent and free?
Able to choose goodness, truth, light and love
OR reject it and move toward ignorance, darkness, suffering, lies and death
What is typology?
Study and interpretation of types and symbols
That from a theological perspective views OT people and stories as foreshadowing NT events
What is prefiguration?
Early indication of something
In biblical usage, the coming of Jesus Christ as Messiah
What is the Protoevangelium?
first gospel - record in Genesis 3:15
announces God's plan for a future redeemer and a final victory over sin and death
How does the Church see the woman and serpent in the passage?
The woman as Mary
the offspring is Jesus
The serpent as the devil/all evil
Prefiguring final battle between good and evil
Woman's descendant is Messiah and Redeemer, final victor
Prefiguration of the Paschal Mystery
Early indication of something
In biblical usage the coming of jesus christ as the messiah
Overview of why God allows evil and God's commitment to humanity throughout salvation history
God allows evil because of Free will
What is a covenant?
solemn agreement; testament
a binding promise: commitments/guarantees from both parties
a relationship (with certain expectations)
Who is held within the covenant?
between two parties before God
between God and persons or a people
between God and humankind
God pledges enduring love and asks for faithful love in return
Overview 4 old testament Covenants and fulfillment of the covenant relationship in the New Covenant and Jesus
4 Old testament covenants
In God's covenant with his people, even when sin enters, God never leaves or breaks the covenant. (if the covenant breaks suffering begins
God reaches out to humanity, over and over again to reestablish the right relationship
Together these relationships reveal the one relationship of love between God and his people.
What is the first covenant symbol (Noah)?
A rainbow
What is the second covenant symbol (Abraham)?
Circumcision
What is the third covenant symbol (Moses)?
The law
What is the fourth covenant symbol (David)?
The Messiah
What did God promise Abraham?
descendants (as many as stars, dust, sand)
his own son (Isaac)
Land in Cannan
Father of multitude of nations
Protection
All communities blessed through Abraham
There is also a pattern of sacrifice and obedience on Abrams part (leaving his homeland, always open to God)
What was Abraham asked to do?
follow God to the land he says
circumcision all boys in his home no matter the status before they are 8 days old
be willing to sacrifice his son Isaac
trust
What are the lessons from Abraham's Covenant?
Abraham's descendants grow numerous
The Israelites are fruitful in Egypt
Even when oppressed, israelites increase in number
Maintain their bond within the covenant, God hears and responds to them
God's unconditional commitments give Abraham the freedom to
Be open to God
Grow in relationship with God
Place complete trust in God even when the sacrifice that God is asking seems impossible
God keeps his promises to Abraham.
Moving from the call to the completion of the mission...
God will remain faithful
Constantly reaches out to the descendants of Abraham
Constantly calls people into relation with him
Individuals and the people of israel respond freely
Grow in understanding and accepting the relationship
There is a pattern of sin and oozing faith and of repenting and growing in faith
Issac "type" for Jesus/sacrifice of Issac preferring Paschal Mystery
Issac (type)
-A father, Abraham, offers his beloved son, Issac as sacrifice
Issac submits to his fathers will by allowing himself to be offered as sacrifice
Issac carried the wood for his own sacrifice
In the story with Abraham
God himself saves Issac from sacrifice and provided a lamb to be sacrificed
Because of Abraham's faith and trust in God his descendants become God's chosen people
Fulfilled in Jesus
God the father offers his only beloved son, Jesus as a sacrifice
Jesus submits to his fathers will be offering his life on the cross
Jesus carries his own wooden cross on which he will be sacrificed
In the story of Abraham
God provides the perfect sacrifice in Jesus, but it is not the end! Jesus is raised.
Jesus sacrifice, all humanity is redeemed
Who is Sarah in Abraham's Covenant Story?
wife of Abraham; God promised her a child "wife of nations"
Who is Hagar in Abraham's Covenant Story?
maidservant used by Abraham to conceive a child; Abraham and Sarah had lost faith in the covenant
Who is Ishmael in Abraham's Covenant Story?
son of Abraham and Hagar
Who is Isaac in Abraham's Covenant Story?
son of Abraham; submits to God in the sacrifice
What was the effect of Abraham's Sacrifice ?
Abraham's descendants become chosen people of God
How does a father, Abraham, offers beloved son, Isaac, as sacrifice serve as a type for Jesus?
God the Father offers His only Beloved Son Jesus in sacrifice
How does Issac submits to his father's will by allowing himself to be offered as a sacrifice serve as a type for Jesus?
Jesus submits to His Father's will by offering His life on the cross
How does Issac carries the wood for his own sacrifice serve as a type for Jesus?
Jesus carries His own wooden cross on which He will be sacrificed
How does God himself saving Isaac from sacrifice and provides a lamb to be sacrificed serve as a type for Jesus?
God provides the perfect sacrifice for Jesus, but it is NOT the end! Jesus is raised!
How does Abraham's faith and trust in God and his descendants becoming God's Chosen people serve as a type for Jesus?
Jesus' sacrifice, all humanity is REDEEMED!
What is Idolatry?
Cheating or loving someone else
Could be loving another God
What is the Shema?
most important prayer in the Jewish faith
Located in the deuteronomy
Received after they r free
Reveals the commitment of the people
You shall love the lord with all your heart, soul and mind \
Exodus
The departure to the Israelites from Egypt
What is the Decalogue?
ten commandments
Overview of Israelites journey to Egypt, enslavement, characteristics of covenant revealed in details of the story; pattern repeated by the Israelites throughout the covenant story
Israelites lose their way
-Offend the lord
-Engage in idolatry
-They are overtaken by -foreign ruler
-They are oppressed
Israelites return to God
-Cry for help
-God answers and call forth a judge
-They regain freedom
-This pattern repeats in -different ways under the kings
What does God promise the Israelites?
freedom from slavery
Israelites will be treasured out of all people
"holy nation"
What does he ask of the Israelites?
tells to follow the 10 commandments
obey him completely, follow covenant
How do the patterns repeat throughout the Book of Exodus?
When facing hardship, the people lose trust, lack faith in the covenant and sin
God continues to reach out to them, unconditionally, provides for them, allows the freedom to grow in their commitment
Ultimately the trust God enough and cross the Jordan River into the Promised Land
What are the commandments about relationship with God?
Not invoke his name in vain - take care of how you call on God
Everlasting generation of those who love him and keep his commandments
To not worship other Gods, put Him first
Keep the Sabbath day holy- spend time with Him and fix their relationship- (HOLY NATION)
What are the commandments about relationship with each other?
Do not kill
Honor your father and mother (respect elders)
Not be jealous of one another, respect boundaries
Be honest and genuine
Not bear false witnesses
New covenant does not dismiss the old covenant- Jesus fulfills the covenant and extends it to all humanity
How does Passover prefigure the Paschal Mystery?
10th plague (death of first borns) - The "Lamb of God" Jesus (sacrifice)' Blood was shed in His Death on the cross; freely given (Mt 26)
Lamb is sacrificed, blood of the lamb is sprinkled on door posts- Saving all of humanity from sin and death. Jesus, our messiah, was the sacrificial lamb
"Angel of death" passes over Israelites house that are marked with lamb's blood- Resurrection; Restoring the reality of eternal life (heaven)
Israelites are saved from death, and eventually from slavery in Egypt - sacrificed (blood shed on the cross)
Lamb of Passover
10th plague (death of the first born)
Lamb is sacrificed, blood of the lamb is sprinkled on door posts
Angel of death passes over Israelite houses that are marked with lamb's blood
Israelites are saved from death and eventually from slavery in Egypt
Journey to the promised land
Christ/Lamb of God
The lamb of God, jesus' blood was shed in his death on the cross; freely given
Saving all humanity from sin and death- not from suffering
Restoring the reality of eternal life (the resurrection did this)
Who is Samuel in David's covenant?
The last judge to warn the israelites about the dangers of a human king
One of the first prophets
Anoints David
Who is Saul in David's covenant?
first king of Israel, son of Kish (Turns from God + commandments)
Who is David in David's covenant?
anointed king by tribe of Judah, son of Jesse, summoned by Samuel, Impregnated Bathsheba
Who is Jesse in David's covenant?
father of king david
Who is Bathsheba in David's covenant?
wife of Uriah, has affair with David, (impreganted by David)
Who is Uriah in David's covenant?
Bathsheba's husband
David essentially murders him- sends him to the front line of battle
Who is Nathan in David's covenant?
first prophet, helped show David that he was the problem
Who is Soloman in David's covenant?
king of israel who built the temple of david, last king
Once the Israelites reach the Promised Land, the people are guided by Judges. The judges serve as:
More like "tribal leaders"
Military commanders
Arbiters of disputes
Leaders CHALLENGING the Israelites to remain faithful to God (live by the terms of the Covenant)
Why is there Tension Over Israelites' request for a King?
Kings in the ancient world are considered as Gods
The God Of Israel wants to be the King of His People
Request for a king = rejecting God as their King
God asks the prophet Samuel (the last Judge) to warn the Israelites about the dangers of a human king (1 Sam 8)
What is God's warning about Kings?
Kings place themselves above the People
Kings become driven by their desires and not the needs of the People/ terms of the Covenant (not free = not a covenant)
Kings will use their power to their own benefit
God desires to rule by Covenant- Kings do not
What were the characteristics of the Kingdom of David?
Prosperity
Unity
Wealth
culture develops
"golden age"- the ideal
What were the characteristics of the Kingdom of Solomon?
Temple is built
Idolatry grows
Division among the tribes
Conquered by enemies
Eventually Kingdom is split
Kingdom of David/Davidic covenant
Throne- David's Kingship over Israel (military power, wealth)
Temple- House built for God by David's son, Solomon, but ultimately destroyed, rebuilt over generations
City of Jerusalem- permanent home for God's people
The Kingdom of God fulfilled in Jesus
"Throne" is the cross- Jesus is king (sacrificed poured out, service)
"Temple"- Jesus's body. Destroyed and raised again by God (Not people) in 3 days.
New Jerusalem- the KOG! Heaven! Eternal life with God! (reality of union, peace, justice)
God reveals the DAVIDIC COVENANT:
god will establish A HOUSE- not a place
A line of descendants, a throne and kingdom that last forever
"signs" of the covenant are the throne, the temple and the city of Jerusalem
Promise of the Messiah is seen in the everlasting kingdom - the Messiah will be of David's lineage
Why was David anointed as a youth?
David had complete trust in God of Israel from a young age
What was the initial attitude of David?
Sacrificed many offerings to the Lord
Blessed the people in the name of the lord
Gave back to the people (contributes food)
Why is David's nature flawed?
David succumbs to abusing his power to satisfy his lust.
List of sins committed by David
Took Bathsheba, a married woman and slept with her because of her beauty.
(Bathsheba got pregnant and told David, David got Bathsheba's husband drunk and wanted her to sleep with Bathsheba so it looks like its Uriah's child)
He essentially killed Uriah
(Sent a letter to the general to have the general put Uriah on the front line.
He did not go to battle with his soldiers; stayed home)
Once Bathsheba mourned the death of her husband David sent out people to gather her, and she became his wife and bore his son.
David's acceptance of consequences of his sin, and response to his awareness of his sins
Overveiw of the Kingdom of Israel (Saul, David, Solomon: initial response as King and later response, fall of the Kingdom)
Covenant of Abraham/ era of the patriarchs
Israelites in Egypt- freedom and then slavery
Covenant of Moses - passover, the commendments
The rule of Judges
The people demand a king and God appoints Saul (through the prophet samuel) as Israel's first king.
What is David's great sin?
has an affair with Bathsheba, and ultimately has her husband killed in battle to hide David's own sin.
- coveted another man's life
- adultery
- murder
What are the consequences of David's sins?
The Lord strikes down on his son, and David lays with him for seven days not taking any food, hoping that God would still give him life after everything that has happened.
God's unconditional commitment throughout the Covenant Story
God bestows blessings on Solomon such as discernment for what is right, as well as things he did not ask for such as riches and glories among kings that there will be no one like him.
Why are their tensions over David's desire to build a temple?
The city of Jerusalem has become the "city of David" (Bethlehem where David's family is from is also referred to as this)
David wants to build a "house" for God.
David is the one to offer God something
Why is The prophet Nathan telling David to go ahead and build it a problem?
Nathan does this
- Without prayer
- Without consulting God; not seeking God's will
- Speaks on his own (not the mission of the prophet who are supposed to only speak for God)
How does God respond to Nathan's mistake?
God corrects this error by sending Nathan a message in a dream
Why does God allow the temple to be built?
GOD DOES NOT NEED ANYTHING FROM US
The temple was a place where people could be in the presence of God (does not want temple to be a place of war)
Temple = to be a place of worship for all nations
Who does God allow to build the temple?
God allows Solomon to build the temple because David was not the right person.
- David was a warrior with "blood on his hands"
- God corrects David's attitude about the temple
- Solomon was a peaceful man
Jesus' Body ad a Temple
Destroyed and raised again by God (Not people) in 3 days.
How does the Kingdom of David prefigure the Kingdom of God?
Throne- David's Kingship over Israel
"Throne" is the cross- Jesus is king
giving us everything
How does the Kingdom of David prefigure the Kingdom of God?
Temple- house built for God by David's son, Solomon, but ultimately destroyed, rebuilt over generations
"Temple"- Jesus' body, destroyed and raising again BY GOD (not people) in 3 days
How does the Kingdom of David prefigure the Kingdom of God?
City of Jerusalem- permanent home for God's people
New Jerusalem- the King Of God, Heaven, Eternal life with God, (reality of union, peace and justice)
What is the Role of the prophets in the story of Israel and in Salvation History?
Messengers and leaders who spoke for God; NOT fortune tellers
Essential message; repent and return to God
Also gave reassurances that God would never abandon His covenant with them
What is Jeremiah's message?
New covenant will be written out on people's hearts (internal)
Not a new covenant; NEW HEARTS!
Jesus goes after people's hearts
Knowledge of God will be internal and personal
What is Ezekial's message?
God will give them His Spirit
God will renew the Chosen People; give them life (like the inspiring breath of God at creation)
Returned to the promise land
What is Isaiah's message?
3 authors
Consolation, hope and deliverance
Israel is called by God to serve as a light to all of worship of the one true God
God's salvation is meant for all
Emmanuel
God is with us
Suffering servant
suffering for one another (Jesus)
Jesus is the one without sin
Suffers a redemptive death
For God's people
What are the characteristics of the prophecies?
Proclaiming the need for the Chosen People to worship the one, true God in fidelity and truth
Warning the people of their need to repent
Urging the people to love according to the Law
Asking the people to look out for the needs of the poor and powerless
Overview of purpose of the Gospels.
The gospels recount the saving deeds of Jesus
They are testaments of faith
they announce the good news of Jesus
They provide an encounter with Jesus
They challenge us to believe in Jesus and call us to follow Him
Jesus - meaning and importance
meaning "God saves"
Name was given by Angel Gabriel and told to Mary
Christ/Messiah - meaning and importance
Christos 'anointed one'
the crucifixion reveals Jesus' role as Messiah
Son of God - meaning and importance
In the oldtestament Son of God describes an "adoptive" son who had a special relationship with God
Events that confirm Jesus as "Son Of God" (baptism, transfiguration, resurrection)
Newtestament: Only used to describe Jesus' divinity
Lord- meaning and importance
Jesus' people called him this out of respect
Son of Mary - meaning and importance
Mary was graced by God to become the mother of our savior
Son of David - meaning and importance
He is direct descendant of David
Son of Man - meaning and importance
people choose to serve jesus and have dominion and splendor
He received dominion over all nations and his kingship shall never pass.
What is the Power of Jesus name for the Church today?
Everything that we do as church is in his name
Pray, heal, baptize in his name
Infancy Narratives: purpose of narratives; basic elements of the stories; Epiphany
Purpose: Stories from the Gospels of Matthew and Luke about events surrounding the birth and early life of Jesus
Infancy Narratives reveal Jesus as the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies
Epiphany: manifestation to the world of the newborn Christ as Messiah, Son of God, and Savior of the world.
Mary's role in Salvation History; terms: Annunciation, Immaculate Conception, Magnificat
Mary is humble, faithful, obedient
Annunciation - announcement of the birth of Jesus that takes place when the angel Gabriel tells Mary that God has chosen her to be the Mother of the Lord; Mary's yes is humble cooperation with God's plan
Immaculate Conception - the truth that Mary was conceived by God's grace immune from Original Sin
Magnificat - Canticle of Mary, humble song that praises God as the source of blessedness, for his mercy and fulfilling His covenant promise
Pattern in Salvation History of important biblical figures who are unable to bare children, but God makes it possible:
Mary - Virgin Mother of Jesus; Mother of God
Elizabeth - beyond years of conception, Mother of John the Baptist
Hannah - Mother of the prophet Samuel
Sarah - beyond years of conception, Mother of Isaac
Religious truth revealed:
God alone creates; brings life to an situation even when it seems impossible
Define INCARNATION
the embodiment of God the Son in human flesh as Jesus Christ.
At the pointed time, the only Son of the Father, the eternal Word, Jesus
Assumed human nature (both body/flesh, and soul)
And became Man
To accomplish our (humanity's) salvation
Literally means - "taking on human flesh"
Incarnation revealed in John's Prologue
Jesus is truly God, truly a man
John the baptist testifies to Jesus Christ
Jesus is the light who came into the world
Jesus came to reveal the father
Those who accept Him because children of God and receive grace and truth (salvation)
Connection between Incarnation and the Messianic Prophecies
Jesus is GOD's word, made flesh, fully human, fully divine
The prophecies make God's word, his promise, known to His people, so they recognize his fulfillment as the Messiah
Connection between Incaration and the Messianic Prophies
The characteristics of the messiah:
- He will judge the poor with justice
- He will not judge the way people are presented
- He will spread the strength of the lord
- He will be faithful
- He will be understanding
- He will be full of knowledge.
- He will discipline the people who have done wrong
4 Reasons Jesus came
To save us by reconciling us with God who loved us and sent his Son to be the expiation for our sins.
So we might know God's love so we may have eternal life.
To be our model of holiness by taking on the flesh.
To make us partakers of the divine nature by adopting it into the divine family.
What does Redemption mean?
the action of being saved from sin, or God's plan made possible through the life, Death and Resurrection of Jesus, by which our sins are forgiven and we are reconciled with God
John The Baptist + his mission
The messenger, calls us all to repent, making ready the path for Jesus
lived an ascetic lifestyle (in desert, camel skin, ate grasshoppers)
He preached in the Jordan region and proclaimed a baptism of repentance
How does the Baptism of Jesus display His humility
By allowing himself to be numbered among sinners. He places himself in solidarity with sinners.
Jesus accepts his role as suffering servant
Jesus willingly submits to his father
List 4 important theological truth revealed at Jesus' baptism
It shows Jesus' perfect submission to his father's will.
It illustrates Jesus' acceptance of his role as a suffering servant
It foreshadows Jesus' death for the remission of sins
It serves as a sacrament of baptism.
John identifies Jesus as Messiah
recognizes Jesus as the Messiah (Behold, The lamb of God) and John humbled himself before Jesus
Jesus' Baptism - importance and meaning, connection to the Paschal Mystery
Jesus displays his humility through his Baptism by allowing himself to be numbered among sinners. Places himself in solidarity with sinners
He has nothing to repent from
willingly submits to father
accepts role as suffering servant
Connection between Incarnation and Redemption
Becoming man, Jesus saved us from sin, death, and eternal separation from God
How different aspects of Jesus life reveal Redemption
-Aspect of Jesus' life
-redemption revealed
Temptation by the Devil
-Temptation by the devil
-Jesus' response
Jesus' actions challenge the Apostles and us to change our expectations
Apostles recognize the fulfillment in Jesus (Jesus' life challenges people)
To develop the deepest understanding of God's promise
To realize the relationship is offering; HE BRINGS THE RELATIONSHIP
Salvation FOR US
Jesus taught
Shows us how to live (lived in poverty, prayed)
Sacrificed on the cross to forgive our sins
Jesus justifies us: our sins are forgiven through Him and in Baptism we know God's righteousness and learn to receive God's grace
Salvation WITH US
We participate in our salvation
We respond to the holy spirit
We live lives of faith (imitate Jesus)
Participate in the life of the church and the sacraments
- Eucharist
- Live out baptism
How do we participate in our own salvation?
a. Participation in God's Plan
- We enter into the life of Paschal Mystery (dying and rising): Through a life of faith. By participating in the sacraments, especially the eucharist
- God's plan is revealed to us in Jesus Public Ministry, especially in these events: The Baptism of Jesus, The temptations of Jesus, The miracle at the wedding of cana, The transfiguration
Defining Moments
CHANGES YOU in some way
LASTING EFFECTS on the way, you think, feel, and act in the world
May COME THROUGH any type of experience
Joy or pain
Hope or suffering
Love or loss
Paschal Mystery
Events of the Paschal Mystery (Jesus' Passion, death, resurrection and ascension) are DEFINING MOMENTS for
Jesus' disciples
The early church
The church today
How events of the Paschal Mystery together define humanity
Events of the paschal mystery define us as sons and daughters of God
Paschal Mystery continues to unfold in our lives and in the life of the Church!
Humanity and divinity return to the Father
Brings Jesus' humanity into Heaven, "from which He will return" (Second Coming)
Brings the hope that we can follow Jesus
The Last Supper as a Defining Moment in the life of the disciples and for the Church today
a. Jesus has already given His life to humanity in his Body and Blood - His life is freely offered; not forced by HIM
b. He institutes a memorial to his suffering and sacrifice
c. He passes on his mission: Washes the apostles' feet and Commands them to love as He has loved
d. At EVERY Eucharist, He makes us present to the whole Paschal Mystery, suffering and sacrifice, Resurrection and new life
Jesus' Celebration of the Last Supper helps us understand the events of the Paschal Mystery because his dying and rising is shown to us through the Eucharist. We are participating in Jesus' Paschal Mystery everytime we receive his body and blood, where we recognize the events that occurred. We are following the spiritual journey that Jesus set out for us, and this helps us to fully understand the circumstances of the Paschal Mystery.
Overview of the Passion: meaning, emphasis in the Gospels, revelation
a. Written from a post-resurrection perspective
b. In All Four Accounts of the Passion: Jesus' Sacrifice reveals Who He is and His Mission- Expresses Jesus' obedience to God
Demonstrates His virtue- Reveals the goal of His Mission; our redemption
c. The Passion is a result of Jesus' commitments
d. The Passion is presented as the struggle between the power of life and the power of death
Reason for the Passion
Jesus' Passion is a MYSTERY
God does not NEED for Jesus to die.
Human sinfulness causes Jesus' Death
God does not CAUSE evil or suffering to show us God's LOVE for us
The Power OF LIFE wins
God permits the crucifixion
To pay for original sin
To show his LOVE for us
To save us
Jesus freely accepts it to show God's redeeming love
basic elements of the passion
-places
GArden of Gethsemane
Kidron Valley
Sanhedrin
The Temple
Golgotha
Garden of gethsemane
Where Jesus is praying and the Roman soldiers come to arrest him
Kidron Valley
Pass through it on the way to the mountain
Sanhedrin
The roman soldiers bring Jesus to him
Antonia Fortress
where Jesus was tired by Pontius pilate
Golgotha
Just outside of the city
site of execution
Basic elemtes of Jesus' passion
-people
Annas
Herod Antipas
Pilate
Annas
the high priest
Herold Antipas
king during trial of Jesus
Pilate
Roman governor of Judea
Basic elements of Jesus' passion
suffering
After Last supper tp Garden of Gethsemane on Mount of Olives;
Arrested by romans at Gethsemane
Taken to the high priests Annas and Caiaphas
Trial before, Jewish court, the sanhedrin
Sent to Pontius pilate (Roman Governor)
Sent to Herod (Jewish “King” of area of Judea; working with the Roman gov)
Jesus carried His cross to Golgotha
Jesus' Actions
Jesus was described as King of the Jews; Jesus talked about "His Kingdom"
Conflict with Authorities
Threatened Roman authorities and also the peaceful relationship with jewish leaders, considered revolutionary
Jesus' Actions
Jesus claimed the Temple (of His Body) could be destroyed and raised again in 3 days
Conflict with Authorities
Jewish and Roman authorities used this as a revolutionary threat against the Temple in Jerusalem
Jesus' Actions
Jesus spoke with authority and taught the Spirit of the Law of Moses; challenged paying lip service to the Law which ignored responsibilities
Conflict with Authorities
Jesus' teaching challenged the Pharisees who focused on the letter of the Law and who often used the Law for their personal gain
Jesus' Actions
Jesus associated with sinners, tax collectors and prostitutes
Conflict with Authorities
Jewish authorities considered these people unclean, scandalized the Jewish authorities
Jesus' Actions
Jesus healed and exorcized demons
Conflict with Authorities
Some religious authorities viewed this as the work of Satan because they could not accept Him as the Messiah
Difference between the Passion and Resurrection Accounts
The Passion
- Eyewitnesses: Jesus' followers witnessed His intense suffering and death. They buried him
- Accounts are long passages, detailed descriptions of the many events, people, and elements of the Passion
The Resurrection
- NO eyewitnesses! No one witnessed the Resurrection
-Accounts do not describe HOW the resurrection happened
- Accounts record the reactions of Jesus' followers to the discovery of Jesus' missing body
Jesus As The Paschal Lamb
- Jesus passes through death to new life
- His death (shed His Blood) leads to salvation for all humanity (redemption)
- We participate in paschal mystery: We die to sins power over us; Receive grace- God's own life and love poured out to us now and in eternal life
Kerygma
the essential message of our faith
A Greek word for "proclamation, announcement, preaching" the core teaching about Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord
5 Key elements of kerygma
1. Jesus fulfills God's promises foretold by the OT prophets
2. God has exalted his Son, Jesus Christ, at his right hand
3. The Holy Spirit is present in the Church and is the sign of Christ's present power and glory
4. Christ will come again, at which time the messianic age will reach its fulfillment
5. Because all of this is true, you should repent of your sins, be baptized and receive the Holy Spirit
The reality of the Resurrection and the Apostles encounters with the Risen Christ are the foundation of the kerygma
Truths of the resurrection is confirmed by encounters with the risen christ
Resurrection confirms Jesus' resurrection
Signs of the resurrection
The EMPTY TOMB- historical marker of the Resurrection
- Joseph of Arimathea asked Pilate for Jesus' Body and buries Jesus near the place of the crucifixion
- Witnesses and records give evidence that Jesus really died
- No claims by anyone of having found Jesus' body
- Not proof, but evidence
- Sign of hope
- Truths of resurrection is announced- by messengers (synoptics) or Jesus (John)
- Women are the first to receive and spread the message (women had no status and were not viewed as credible witnesses at the time)
- The message is spread among the followers; there are 4 dif accounts
Importance in the accounts of the encounters with the Risen Christ
Jesus’ Resurrection confirms His Divinity (recall the Gospels are written from a post-Resurrection perspective)
Jesus’ Resurrection is different than what was experienced by those like Lazarus whom Jesus restored to life. MEANING:
Jesus raised people from the dead and returned them to earthly life (they would one day die)
Jesus is resurrected to a GLORIFIED LIFE – a new reality of union with God; not limited by physical limits
Jesus is bodily resurrected: He eats with the disciples, speaks with them; His glorified Body maintains the marks of His Passion
A defining moment that transcends time and peace
Jesus' followers are no longer frightened and hiding (they are proclaiming the truth of the resurrection)
Seen in the lives of the apostles and early church by
Complete commitment to the truth of the resurrection; they are willing to die for this truth
They are martyred by preaching it
it is the basis for a completely new way of living; the christian lifestyle
Defining moment for the Church
Life of the church is still based on PROCLAIMING this truth
Continues to call us to change our lifestyle
We continue to meet the rinse christ in our lives, in the sacraments ESPECIALLY THE EUCHARIST
Central reason for HOPE; trusting in Jesus means: There will be joy beyond experiences of pain and loss and God can bring forth life from any situation of suffering
Death
End of earthly life
Consequence of sin
Immortal soul separates from mortal body
Mortal body decays
Resurrection of the body : Resurrection of "spiritual body", Soul awaits for reunion with glorified body at the last judgment., Christ was put to death for our sins and was raised for our justification
Particular Judgment
The judgment of each individual at the moment of death by Christ; determines if that person will go to Heaven, Purgatory or hell
Purgatory
The state of final purification after death and before entrance into heaven of those who die in God's Grace and friendship
Heaven
Our eternal union with the loving Triune God, the Blessed Mother and all of the angels and saints; state of supreme happiness for those who die in God's friendship
Hell
The state of eternal separation from God after death, through the free choice to reject God's offer of redemption
You