Lesson 2 3 - roots and Perspective
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
The “father of psychology”
Founder of modern psychology
Opened the first psychology lab in 1879
William James (1842-1910)
First American psychologist
Author of the first psychology textbook
Founder of Functionalism
Focused on the mind's functions in adapting organisms to their environment
Provided objective descriptions of behavior
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective
Proposed that abnormal behavior originates from unconscious drives and conflicts
Influence on Pop Culture
Freudian slips
Concepts of anal-retentive and anal-expulsive personalities
Influence on Psychology
Development of psychodynamic theory
Emphasis on unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
Russian physiologist
Studied learning in animals
Emphasized observable behaviors
Behaviorism
Most influential school of thought
Focused on observable and measurable behavior
Investigated how behaviors are learned and modified
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
Founder of behaviorism
Studied only observable acts
Emphasized objective and scientific methodology
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Behaviorist focused on learning through rewards and observation
Famous quote on shaping individuals through environment
Humanistic Psychology
Stressed the study of conscious experience and individual free will
Emphasized striving to reach personal potential
Psychological Perspectives
Methods of classifying ideas in psychology
Also known as “schools of thought” or “psychological approaches”
Provides different views on behavior
Cognitive Perspective
Focus on thought processes and information processing
Explains behavior through interpretation of situations
Biological Perspective
Examines biological structures and substances affecting behavior
Questions related to brain chemistry, genetics, and predispositions
Social-Cultural Perspective
Focus on how behavior changes in different settings
Explores the influence of social contexts on behavior
Behavioral Perspective
Focus on learning through rewards, punishments, and observation
Investigates how previous learning shapes behavior
Humanistic Perspective
Views behavior as determined by individual choices
Emphasizes personal perceptions of the world
Psychodynamic Perspective
Focus on unconscious drives and conflicts
Explains behavior through childhood experiences and motivations
Humanistic Psychology
Emphasizes individual reflection on life choices
Highlights the ability to weigh human values and find meaning in life
Field of Psychology
Broad and diverse, exploring behavior and mental processes
Multiple perspectives contribute to understanding human behavior
Critical thinking about perspectives aids in accurate judgments
Critical Thinking
Encourages exploration of various psychological perspectives on issues like obesity, depression, and aggression
Aggression Perspectives
Behavioral: Learning and reinforcement of aggressive behavior
Psychodynamic: Unconscious impulses driving aggression
Humanistic: Frustration from blocked goals leading to violence
Biological: Brain mechanisms and abnormalities influencing aggression
Cognitive: Thoughts and beliefs that trigger aggressive responses
Sociocultural: Social conditions and societal influences on aggression
Behavior Genetics
Focus on the interplay of genes and environment
Combines biological and behavioral approaches
Evolutionary Psychology
Integrates biological, psychological, and social perspectives
Explains behavior in terms of survival and reproduction
Positive Psychology
Focus on studying and promoting optimal human functioning
Advocated by Martin E.P. Seligman, emphasizing positive
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
The “father of psychology”
Founder of modern psychology
Opened the first psychology lab in 1879
William James (1842-1910)
First American psychologist
Author of the first psychology textbook
Founder of Functionalism
Focused on the mind's functions in adapting organisms to their environment
Provided objective descriptions of behavior
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective
Proposed that abnormal behavior originates from unconscious drives and conflicts
Influence on Pop Culture
Freudian slips
Concepts of anal-retentive and anal-expulsive personalities
Influence on Psychology
Development of psychodynamic theory
Emphasis on unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
Russian physiologist
Studied learning in animals
Emphasized observable behaviors
Behaviorism
Most influential school of thought
Focused on observable and measurable behavior
Investigated how behaviors are learned and modified
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
Founder of behaviorism
Studied only observable acts
Emphasized objective and scientific methodology
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Behaviorist focused on learning through rewards and observation
Famous quote on shaping individuals through environment
Humanistic Psychology
Stressed the study of conscious experience and individual free will
Emphasized striving to reach personal potential
Psychological Perspectives
Methods of classifying ideas in psychology
Also known as “schools of thought” or “psychological approaches”
Provides different views on behavior
Cognitive Perspective
Focus on thought processes and information processing
Explains behavior through interpretation of situations
Biological Perspective
Examines biological structures and substances affecting behavior
Questions related to brain chemistry, genetics, and predispositions
Social-Cultural Perspective
Focus on how behavior changes in different settings
Explores the influence of social contexts on behavior
Behavioral Perspective
Focus on learning through rewards, punishments, and observation
Investigates how previous learning shapes behavior
Humanistic Perspective
Views behavior as determined by individual choices
Emphasizes personal perceptions of the world
Psychodynamic Perspective
Focus on unconscious drives and conflicts
Explains behavior through childhood experiences and motivations
Humanistic Psychology
Emphasizes individual reflection on life choices
Highlights the ability to weigh human values and find meaning in life
Field of Psychology
Broad and diverse, exploring behavior and mental processes
Multiple perspectives contribute to understanding human behavior
Critical thinking about perspectives aids in accurate judgments
Critical Thinking
Encourages exploration of various psychological perspectives on issues like obesity, depression, and aggression
Aggression Perspectives
Behavioral: Learning and reinforcement of aggressive behavior
Psychodynamic: Unconscious impulses driving aggression
Humanistic: Frustration from blocked goals leading to violence
Biological: Brain mechanisms and abnormalities influencing aggression
Cognitive: Thoughts and beliefs that trigger aggressive responses
Sociocultural: Social conditions and societal influences on aggression
Behavior Genetics
Focus on the interplay of genes and environment
Combines biological and behavioral approaches
Evolutionary Psychology
Integrates biological, psychological, and social perspectives
Explains behavior in terms of survival and reproduction
Positive Psychology
Focus on studying and promoting optimal human functioning
Advocated by Martin E.P. Seligman, emphasizing positive
