arts

RECEPTACLES -These were containers fashioned by early Filipinos to enclose and protect the bodies of their dead relatives

TEXTILE WEAVING- Flat stone tools believed to have been used to pound and flatten tree barks into primitive types of textiles have been excavated

JEWELRY -Shells were used for accessories: bracelets and pendants. Shells, animal bones, and small stones were the earliest adornments.

POTTERY The most convenient way to classify and study thousands of pre-Hispanic potteries is to classify them according to shape, method of decoration and type of deign on the surface

SCULPTURE Figures representing spirits constituted most of the early Philippines’ representational sculpture; These images represented the anitos or the spirits whom the early Filipinos believed and prayed to. ARCHITECTURE These structures are still being built in rural places around the country; The early inhabitants of the Philippines were sea-faring people.

MUSLIM ART During this era, Paved way for the development of its own unique styled of art; Place emphasis on creating an art form that is built on the beauty and respect for the teachings of Islam; Most important element of this art is the color.

SARIMANOK, OKIR, NAGA Examples of Muslim Art

UKKIL A design technique usually seen in the Sulu Peninsula; Decorative design that is used in carving, basketry, pottery, and weaving; The pattern is similar to the Western style arabesque and Art Noveau. MARANAO BRASS WORK Best with seen in the Kabul and gadur, jar-like containers with covers that resemble the domes of their mosques.

KAMPILAN a long sword, its handle resembling the open mouth of a naga

KRIS a wavy flame-like blade representing the body of serpent

BARONG a leaf-like blade having the same geometric designs on its hilt.

WOODCARVING Considered an important skill in all tribes.

WOOD The medium of choice in the art of Mountain Province; Used in making shields, spoons, ladles, bowls, and also human and animal figures.

IRON MELTING AND BRONZE-CASTING The other skills of the Ifugaos and Itneg IRON kind of metal used for making functional materials like axes and spears

BRONZE, GOLD, BRASS kinds of metal used for making other ornaments which includes jewelries. BULOL a figure of a benevolent spirit who guards granaries and rice fields.

BIHANG a figure meant to scare and create fear of punishment in anybody who goes against the norms of village

DECORATIVE abstract designs seen in textiles, bamboo containers, brass and gold ornaments are all decorative.

THE SPANISH COLONIAL ART era of art that started when Philippines was colonized by Spaniards; where they introduces formal paintings, sculpture, and architecture influenced with Byzantines, Gothic, Baroque, and Rococo art style; its most art are religious.

Fr. Antonio Sedeno A Jesuit; He introduced lime in the construction of buildings; He was responsible for the construction of the first fortress, the Nuestra Señora de Guia Fort in Manila and was instrumental in the planning and building of the Manila’s Secular residences.

PARIAN what do you call to the early painting and sculptural works for the church were largely given to the Chinese artisans living in a community outside Intramuros

SCULPTURE Carving which began in the pre-Hispanic times in making the likha, was redirected by the friars into the creation of santos.

Juan Delos Santos Famous sculptor of the period; He carved several retablos for the Augustinian church in Intramuros.

Lorenzo Flores He carved the escudo of the Franciscan Order found in front of the Tayabas Church

SANTOS OF IVORY AND ANIMAL BONE these are usually quita y pone (remove and put) type. The large, costumed church statues belong to this type.

PAINTING A rise of national consciousness was expressed through the reform movement during the 19th century.

Sociedad Economica de Amigo dela Palais A civic conscious organization aimed to encourage the development of the visual arts which led to the establishment of Escuela de Dibujo y Pintura in 1821. DAMIAN DOMINGO First teacher; A mestizo whose talents impressed local authorities; The technique of painting during this time may be from his works, where detailed and fine lines give volume or body to objects or parts of the human figure.

MINIATURISTS With the establishment of the first school of fine arts, the painting of secular objects was done in miniature, the size of a thumb nail. The painters are called ______?

Juan Luna He won a silver medal for his La Muerte de la Cleopatra at Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884 for his famous Spolarium.

Felix Hidalgo He won a silver medal for his Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace in Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes.

Ernani J. Cuenco

• Filipino love ballad by adding the elements of kundiman to it
• Works: Nahan, Kahit na Magtiis, Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa
• Nicolas Bagay one of the outstanding engravers who ran a printing press.
• Francisco Suarez he is also known for his designs in 1733 and for the 12 scenes depicting representative life in the islands
• Contemporary Art art of the present period.
• Philippine Contemporary Art era of art where inventions of machines for mass production; Computer Software for architecture.
• Pablo S. Antonio
• Pioneered modern Philippine Architecture
• Works: FEU building
  Juan F. Nakpil
• Filipino architect, teacher, and a community leader.
• Works: UP Diliman admin building
  Leandro V. Locsin
• He designed modern building which adopt climatic features.
• Works: CCP Complex
  Ildefonso P. Santos
• Pioneered the practice of landscape architecture in the Philippines
• Works: Rizal Park, SMC Building
  Jose Maria V. Zaragosa
• Known for designing several edifices during the postwar era.
• Works: San Beda Convent
  Lamberto V. Avellana
• “The Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies”
• Works: Sakay, The evil within
  Ishmael Bernal
• “The Genius of Philippine Cinema”
• His art extends beyond the confines of aesthetics
• Works: Pahiram ng isang Umaga, Broken Marriage
  Lino Brocka
• He was a radical filmmaker
• Works: Maynila: Sa Kuko ng Liwanag, Oraponobis
  Manuel Conde
• He was taking up geological engineering and entering the movies was farthest from his mind
• Works: Ibong Adarna, Si Juan Tamad
  Gerardo De Leon
• He was a film director, writer, actor, and producer used film to transmit to younger generation of Filipinos the stories in ancient and oral narratives.
• Works: Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo
  Ronald Alan K. Poe
• Fernando Poe Jr.
• Works: Batang Maynila, Ang Pagbabalik ng Lawin
  Eddies S. Romero
• Romero was a source OF INSPIRATION AND PRIDE OF THE Siliman community for his immense contributions to shaping a strong Filipino identity.
• Works: Ganto kami Noon… Paano Kaya Ngayon?, noli me Tangere
  Fernando Amorsolo
• “The Painter of Philippines Sunlight”
• Works: Maiden in a Stream, Dalagang Bukid
  Benedicto Cabrera
• “BenCab” noted as “arguably the best-selling painter”
• Works: Madonna with Objects, Studies of Sabel
  Cesar Legaspi
• A pioneer “Neo-Realist” of the country
• Works: Diggers, Idols of the Third Eye
  Hernando R. Ocampo
• He was a filipino artist best known for his abstract paintings
• Work: Gene, Ina ng Balon
  Carlos Francisco
• Created mythical world of the Filipino and its history
• Sample Works: Portrait of Purita, The Invasion of Limahong
  Abdulamri Asia Imao
• Working on the motifs of Muslim Mindanao
• Works: Industry Brass Mural, Mural Relief on Filmmaking
  Guillermo Tolentino
• He was also conferred the President’s Medal of Merit
• Works: The Bonifacio Monument, President Quezon at Quezon Memorial
  Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
• “Alcuazaics”
• Works: Roadside Squatters, Manila 1968
  J. Elizalde Navarro
• Modernist transformations can be likened to a Buddhist avatar
• Works: I’m Sorry Jesus, I Can’t Attend Christmas This Year
  Arturo Luz
• A filipino modern artist
• Works: Bagong Taon, Vendador de Flores
  Napoleon V. Abueva
• “Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture”
• Works: Portrait of Purita, the invasion of Limahong
  Francisco Coching
• “Dean of Filipino Ilustrators”
• Through his komiks, Pinoy pop culture found its identity.
• Works: Pusakal, Talipandas
  Ang Kiukok
• Known for his expressive Cubist-like works.
• Works: Geometric Landscape, Pieta
  Vicente Manansala
• He was the developer of transparent cubism.
• Works: A Cluster of Nipa Hut, San Francisco Del Monte
  Victorio C. Edades
• “Father of Modern Philippine Painting”
• Works: The Sketch, The Artist, and the Mode
  Jose T. Joya
• He spearheaded the birth, growth, and flowering of abstract expressionism in the Philippines
• Works: Hills of Nikko, Abstraction, Dimension of Fear
  Francisco Arcellana
• Important progenitor of the modern Filipino short story
• Works: Frankie, The Man Who Would Be Poe, Death in a Factory
  Bienvenido Lumbrera
• Recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award
• Works: Tagalog Poetry, 1570-1898: Tradition and Influences in it Development
  Virgilio S. Alamrio
• The current chairman of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
• Works: Ang Makata sa Panahon ng Makina Balagtasismo versus Modernismo
  Edith L. Tiempo
• Poet, fictionist, teacher, and literary critic
• Works: a blade of Fern, The Native Coast
  N.V.M Gonzales
• Fictionist, essayist, poet, and teacher
• Works: The Winds of April, seven Hills Away
  Cicilio F. Bautista
• Contributed to the development of Philippine literature
• Works: Summer Suns, Words and Battefields
  Amado V. Hernandez
• He practiced “committed art”
• Works: Bayang Malaya, Isang Dipang Langit
  F. Sionil Jose
• Works that depict class struggles in Filipino Society
• Works: The Pretenders, tree, My Brother, My Executioner
  Nick Joaquin
• Argued that Philippine Letters were polarized into extremes
• Works: The Woman Who Had Two Navels, A portrait of the Artist as Filipino
  Lazaro Francisco
• “Masterful handling of the Tagalog language” and “supple prose style”
• Works: Ama, Bayang Nagpatiwakal, Maganda Pa Ang Daigdig
  Carlos P. Romulo
• Recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees
• Works: The United, I Walked with heroes
  Alejandro Roces
• The country’s best writer of comic short stories
• Works: Of Cocks and Kites, My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken
  Levi Celerio
• He used the LEAF as a musical instrument
• Works: O Maliwanag Na Buwan “(Iloko),”
  Ako ay may SIngsing
  Jose Garcia Villa
  Jose Garcia Villa
• “Doveglion”
• Works: Footnote to Youth, Many Voices, Poems by Doveglion
  Rolando S. Tinio
• Directing the Teatro Pilipino
• Works: SItsit sa Kuliglig, Dunung-dunungan, Kristal na Uniberso
  Ramon Valera
• He was celebrated for his ingenuity and craftmanship, for revolutionizing the national costume, for his masterly
  embroidery and beadwork and for translating Philippine motifs into
  contemporary terms.
• The greatest of all was his manipulation by cut – would sew a dress to perfection without using a pattern.
  Salvador F. Bernal
• Starting in 1969, bernal designed more than 300 productions for drama, musicals, operas, and concerts.
• He was known for using indigenous and locally available materials for his stage designs such as bamboo, abaca fabric, twice raw hemp, and rattan chain links.
• Works: organized the PATDAT
  Francisca Reyes Aquino
• Folk Dancer Pioneer
• Works: Philippine National Dances (1946), Gymnastics for Girls
  Alice Reyes
• Visionary founder of Ballet Philippines
• Works: Amada (1969), At a Maranaw Gathering (1970)
  Lucrecia Reyes Urtula
• Singkil, Vinta, tagabili, Pagdiwata, Salidsid, Idaw, Banga and Aires de Verbena
• Works: Vinta,Tagabili
  Ramon Obusan
• Forerunner of Philippine folk dance
• Works: Vamos a Belen! Series, Noon Po sa Amin
  Leonor Orosa Goquingco
• First Filipino to choreograph ballet
• Works: TREND: Return to Native, In a Javanese Garden
  Carlo Quirino
• Best known for his early biography of Jose Rizal
• Maps and views of Old Manila, Lives of the Philippine Presidents
  Antonio Buenaventura
• Composed songs, compositions
• Works: Triumphal March, Echoes of the Past
  Lucrecia R. Kasilag
• Made more than 300 compositions
• Works: Toccata for Percussions and Winds, Divertissement and Concertante
  Lucio San Pedro
• Music evokes the folk elements for the Filipino Heritage
• Works: The Devil’s Bridge, malakas at Maganda Overture
  Jose Maceda
• Renowed scholar in ethnomusicology
• Works: Ugma-ugma (1963), Pagsamba (1968)
  Antonio J Molina
• “Dean of Filipino composers”
• Works: Misa Antoniana Grand Festival Mass, Ang Batingas
  Levi Celerio
• Known for being a leaf-player
• Works: O Maliwanag Na Buwan (Iloko), Ako ay May Singsing (Pampango)
  Francisco Feliciano
• “Asianness”
• Works: Ashen Wings (1995), Sikhay Sa Kabila ng Paalam (1993)
  Ramon P. Santos
• Contributed greatly quest for new direction
  in music
• Works: Panaghoy
  Jovita Fuentes
• Active advocate of music and the arts
• Works: Liu Yu in Puccini’s Turnadot, Mimi in Puccini’s La Bohem
  Andrea Veneracion
• Philippine Madrigal Singers
  Felipe Padilla De Leon
• “Crisis Composer” of the Philippine
• Works: Mariang Makiling Overture, Roca Encantada
  Honorata Dela Rama
• Producer and the writer of plays
• Works: Dalagang Bukid, Pangarap ni Rosa
  Daisy Avellana
• Role as Candida Marasigan
• Works: Othelio (1953), Macbeth in Black (1959)
  Rolando S. Tinio
• Directing the Teatro Pilipino
• Works: Now and Forever, Gamitin Mo Ako, Bayad Pur
  Wilfrido Ma Guerrero
• Artistic director of the UP Mobile Theater
• Works: Half an Hour in a Convent, Wanted: A Chaperon, Forever
  Honorata Dela Rama
• producer and the writer of plays
• Works: Mascota, Sueño de un Vals,
  and Marina
  Salvador F. Bernal
• designed more than 300 productions for drama.
• Works: organized the PATDAT
  Severino Montano
• forerunner in institutionalizing “legitimate theater”
• Works: started a graduate course at the Philippine normal College for theater artists
  Lamberto V. Avellana
• “The Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies”
• Works: Sergeant Hasan (1967), Destination Vietnam
  SUBJECT
  refers to what the work represents
  REPRESENTATIONAL OR OBJECTIVE ART
  artworks that have subjects
  NON-REPRESENTATIONAL OR NON OBJECTIVE ARTS
  artworks that do not have subjects
  NATURE
  the most popular source of
  subjective art.
  PEOPLE
  the most interesting source of
  subjective art.
  HISTORY
  depicts real events which are
  verifiable facts that occurred in the past to
  commemorate events or to teach history.
  Legends
  based on legends present to
  viewers of the art something tangible even
  when unverified.
  RELIGION
  based on sacred texts to convey
  beliefs
  MYTHOLOGY
  based on stories of God and Goddesses of Ancient Greece, Rome, Celts, Norse, and the Egyptians.
  Dreams and Fantasy
  Based on the
  unconscious
  TECHNOLOGY
  the modern era like
  cityscapes, airplanes, cars, ships, motorcycles,
  and robotic technology.
  NATURALISM
• A style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail
  REALISM
• This depicts the artist’s attempt of portraying the subject as it
  ABSTRACTION
• Moves away from reality and from presenting
  the subject as it really is.
• Abstract means “to move away or to separate
  from”
  DISTORTION
• Figures have been so arranged that its
  proportions differ significantly from reality.
  ELONGATION
• The subject is stretched vertically and/or some parts lengthened to give the impression of thinness.
  MANGLING
• Subjects are shown as cut, lacerated,
  mutilated, or hacked repeated blows.
  CUBISM
• Presented through the use of figures: a cone,
  cylinder, sphere, triangle, square, cube, and
  circle in place of real pictorial elements
  SYMBOLISM
• Symbol means a visible sign of something
  invisible such as an idea or quality.
  FAUVISM
• Literally means wild beats
• Fauves did not express ethical, philosophical,
  or psychological themes but painted pictures
  of comfort, joy, and pleasure.
  DADAISM
• Dada is a French for hobby horse
• It does not follow he traditions and
  principles in art.
  FUTURISM
• Works that capture the speed and force of the modern industrial society.
• Highlight the technologies of modern life.
  SURREALISM
• It is an invented word for ‘super realism’
• It emphasized the activities of the unconscious mind
  EXPRESSIONISM
• Depicts the emotions aroused by objects and events.
• Subjects involve chaos, sadness, tragedy, and defeat.