the english war and glorious revolution

the english war and glorious revolution

^^the tudor dynasty^^

  • king henry vii
  • king henry viii
  • king edward vi
  • lady jane grey
  • queen mary i
  • queen elizabeth

the three competing for power

  • catholics, anglicans, and more extreme protestants (puritans)

elizabeth had no children, edward didn’t either - so it went to the next closest relative

  • james and elizabeth were cousins

^^the stuart dynasty^^

  • king james vi
  • king charles i
  • interregnum: the commonwealth under oliver cromwell
  • king charles ii
  • king james ii
  • queen mary ii and king william iii
  • queen anne

<<background<<

  • elizabeth’s reign

    • re issues herself as head of the church “act of supremacy”
    • protestant, anglican, moderate
    • the elizabethan settlement - could be whatever religion in your own home but must go to anglican church
    • made king philip ii mad

  • james i of england // james vi of scotland

    • absolute monarchy; divine right of kings
    • magna carta - had to have the parliament or nobles to consent
    • alienated the puritans and the parliament
    • house of lords (inherited positions)
    • house of commons (gentry, sort of inherited but also you don’t have to be a noble but you have to be really rich)
    • most are puritans
    • puritans get mad due to james’ leniency with catholicism
    • ABSOLUTISM AND RELIGION - MAIN ISSUES
    • gunpowder plot
    • planned to blow up parliament
    • guy fox was caught and tortured
    • relationship with the earl of buckingham
    • speculated that he was the king’s lover
    • he’s the king’s right hand man, but he is incompetent

  • charles i

    • VERY VERY CATHOLIC
    • heavily believes in the divine right of kings
    • king vs parliament
    • charles tries to enforce anglicanism on the scots
    • funding, parliament, and scotland
      • charles needs money, but he needs to go through parliament, who is not pleased with him. parliament lets him raise taxes if he signs the petition of right
    • petition of right
    • gives people basic rights
    • decides to dissolve parliament
    • the book of common prayer
    • trying to enforce it on the scots
    • very similar to what is used in catholicism
    • after 11 years, has parliament come back
    • parliament wants to resolve grievances against him, his father, possibly elizabeth as well
    • has parliament dissolved again
    • short parliament
    • he eventually comes to the conclusion that parliament is necessary, but he is burdened with everything and he feels targeted - so he wants to let go of parliament again and decided arrest parliament for absolutism, but absolutism does not work in england
    • declares war on parliament
    • kings vs parliament
    • king’s side
      • nobles
      • royalists
      • cavaliers
    • parliament’s side
      • puritans
      • some presbyterians
      • “roundheads”
      • named after their haircut
      • led by oliver cromwell
    • eventually, charles surrenders to the rump parliament

  • when charles invades with the scots, the puritans take over and were more than happy to charge him with treason, they sign a death warrant and charles is beheaded

  • **first king to be assassinated by his subjects

  • the interregnum (1649-1658)

    • england = puritan republic
    • oliver cromwell
    • puritan
    • went by “lord protectors”
    • him and his son richard ruled as lord protectors not kings

  • the restoration

    • after cromwell died, richard (his son) takes over, he’s not as good as leader so everything they had falls apart
    • convention parliament (parliament reconvenes) decided to bring back the monarchy
    • “restoration of the stuarts”

  • charles ii

    • the merry monarch
    • tries to appease everyone
    • “the law is above the king”
    • catholic tendencies
    • converts to catholicism
    • tragedies led to unrest
    • fire
    • plague
    • charles gets blamed and ridiculed for many things

  • james ii

    • very catholic
    • has two daughters, both protestant
    • has a son which made people scared that catholicism would live on
    • a bloodless coup: william of orange (holland) and mary (protestant daughter of james ii)

  • william and mary

    • “glorious revolution”
    • the bloodless coup
    • when they solidify that the king is subject to parliament
    • constitutional monarchy
    • bill of rights
    • habeas corpus
    • petition of right
    • after them, queen anne (the last stuart)