Andrew Jackson
Who was Andrew Jackson? 7th President of the United States (1829-1837). He was a popular military hero who many felt
represented common Americans of the time
What was notable about Jackson’s politics at
that time?
His presidency marked a shift towards greater popular participation in politics among poor white
males; he saw it as his role to reduce the power and influence of wealthy elites.
How were voting laws changing in the early
1800s?
More poor white men were being enfranchised (given right to vote), while even wealthy free black men
were disenfranchised (right to vote taken away)
Who won the election of 1824 and how? Though Jackson won the popular vote, he didn’t have enough electoral college votes to win. When the
election went to the House of Reps, Henry Clay threw his support behind John Q. Adams, who was
selected as president.
What did Jackson and his supporters call the
deal made between Henry Clay and John Q.
Adams during the 1824 election?
The “corrupt bargain”
How was the 1828 presidential race different
from the 1824 race?
Jackson and his Democratic Republican Party felt betrayed in 1824, so they fought dirty in 1828; both
sides spread rumors/lies about each other, and Jackson held large campaign events such as BBQs to
win support from common folk
What was the scandal surrounding Rachel
Jackson's first marriage, and how did it
impact Andrew Jackson's political career?
The scandal was based on the technicality that Rachel was not officially divorced from her first husband
when she married Andrew Jackson. It was used to attack Jackson in the election of 1828 and many saw
it as an example of elite hatred and unfairness towards Jackson
What was the spoils system and how did
Jackson implement it?
It was the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs. Jackson put this system in
place and argued that it made government more democratic and less bureaucratic.
What was the Tariff of 1828 (aka the "Tariff
of Abominations") and why was it
controversial?
It raised import taxes to protect northern manufacturers. It was highly controversial in the South,
where it was seen as unfairly benefiting the North at the expense of the agricultural South.
What was Nullification Theory A controversial political view that states had the right to nullify (deny) federal laws they deemed
unconstitutional.
Who was John C. Calhoun and what was his
role in the Nullification Crisis?
John C. Calhoun was Jackson's first Vice President. He developed the Nullification Theory and tried to
put it into action when he led South Carolina’s attempt to nullify federal tariffs in 1832.
What did Jackson do when S Carolina tried to
nullify the Tariffs of 1828/32?
He called it treason and had Congress pass the Force Bill to send the military to enforce the tariffs; he
eventually renegotiated the tariffs to make them less expensive to S Carolina and end the showdown.
What is secession? the act of withdrawing from the Union by a state
What did secession have to do with
nullification?
Some states (like SC) threatened to secede if the federal government enforced laws they deemed
unconstitutional
What was the Second Bank of the United
States and why did Jackson oppose it?
The Second Bank of the United States was a national bank chartered in 1816 to regulate the nation's
credit and currency. Jackson opposed it, believing it concentrated too much economic power in the
hands of a wealthy few and was therefore undemocratic. His veto of its re-charter and subsequent
actions to weaken it became known as the "Bank War."
What was the ‘Bank War’? In 1832, Jackson vetoed the Bank's recharter bill and later removed federal deposits from the Bank,
distributing them to state banks (aka his ‘pet banks’)
What was the Indian Removal Act and what
were its consequences?
Passed in 1830, it authorized the president to negotiate treaties to exchange Native American tribal
lands in the eastern states for lands west of the Mississippi River. This led to the forced relocation of
many Native American tribes.
What was the significance of the Supreme
Court case Worcester v. Georgia (1832)?
the Supreme Court ruled that Georgia's laws regarding Cherokee lands were unconstitutional and that
only the federal government had authority in Native American affairs. However, President Jackson
refused to enforce the decision, paving the way for Indian removal.
What was Sequoyah’s contribution to the
Cherokee?
He developed a new alphabet for the Cherokee language
What was the Cherokee constitution, and
why was it created?
The Cherokee constitution, adopted in 1827, was a written framework of government modeled after
the United States Constitution; it was meant to protect the sovereignty and territory of the Cherokee
nation
What was the Treaty of New Echota and why
was it controversial?
The treaty was signed in 1835 between the U.S. government and a small group of Cherokee leaders. It
was used to justify removal of Cherokee people from their lands, despite the fact that most Cherokee
did not recognize it as legitimate.
What was the Trail of Tears? A series of forced relocations of Native American tribes following the Indian Removal Act. The most
notorious was the relocation of the Cherokee in 1838-1839, where thousands died during the journey.
This was a direct result of Jackson's Indian removal policies.
What was the transition from National
Republicans to the Whig Party?
The National Republican Party, led by Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams, opposed Jackson's policies.
After Jackson's reelection in 1832, they joined with other anti-Jackson groups to form the Whig Party.
The Whigs supported a stronger federal government, internal improvements, and the national bank.Who was Andrew Jackson? 7th President of the United States (1829-1837). He was a popular military hero who many felt
represented common Americans of the time
What was notable about Jackson’s politics at
that time?
His presidency marked a shift towards greater popular participation in politics among poor white
males; he saw it as his role to reduce the power and influence of wealthy elites.
How were voting laws changing in the early
1800s?
More poor white men were being enfranchised (given right to vote), while even wealthy free black men
were disenfranchised (right to vote taken away)
Who won the election of 1824 and how? Though Jackson won the popular vote, he didn’t have enough electoral college votes to win. When the
election went to the House of Reps, Henry Clay threw his support behind John Q. Adams, who was
selected as president.
What did Jackson and his supporters call the
deal made between Henry Clay and John Q.
Adams during the 1824 election?
The “corrupt bargain”
How was the 1828 presidential race different
from the 1824 race?
Jackson and his Democratic Republican Party felt betrayed in 1824, so they fought dirty in 1828; both
sides spread rumors/lies about each other, and Jackson held large campaign events such as BBQs to
win support from common folk
What was the scandal surrounding Rachel
Jackson's first marriage, and how did it
impact Andrew Jackson's political career?
The scandal was based on the technicality that Rachel was not officially divorced from her first husband
when she married Andrew Jackson. It was used to attack Jackson in the election of 1828 and many saw
it as an example of elite hatred and unfairness towards Jackson
What was the spoils system and how did
Jackson implement it?
It was the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs. Jackson put this system in
place and argued that it made government more democratic and less bureaucratic.
What was the Tariff of 1828 (aka the "Tariff
of Abominations") and why was it
controversial?
It raised import taxes to protect northern manufacturers. It was highly controversial in the South,
where it was seen as unfairly benefiting the North at the expense of the agricultural South.
What was Nullification Theory A controversial political view that states had the right to nullify (deny) federal laws they deemed
unconstitutional.
Who was John C. Calhoun and what was his
role in the Nullification Crisis?
John C. Calhoun was Jackson's first Vice President. He developed the Nullification Theory and tried to
put it into action when he led South Carolina’s attempt to nullify federal tariffs in 1832.
What did Jackson do when S Carolina tried to
nullify the Tariffs of 1828/32?
He called it treason and had Congress pass the Force Bill to send the military to enforce the tariffs; he
eventually renegotiated the tariffs to make them less expensive to S Carolina and end the showdown.
What is secession? the act of withdrawing from the Union by a state
What did secession have to do with
nullification?
Some states (like SC) threatened to secede if the federal government enforced laws they deemed
unconstitutional
What was the Second Bank of the United
States and why did Jackson oppose it?
The Second Bank of the United States was a national bank chartered in 1816 to regulate the nation's
credit and currency. Jackson opposed it, believing it concentrated too much economic power in the
hands of a wealthy few and was therefore undemocratic. His veto of its re-charter and subsequent
actions to weaken it became known as the "Bank War."
What was the ‘Bank War’? In 1832, Jackson vetoed the Bank's recharter bill and later removed federal deposits from the Bank,
distributing them to state banks (aka his ‘pet banks’)
What was the Indian Removal Act and what
were its consequences?
Passed in 1830, it authorized the president to negotiate treaties to exchange Native American tribal
lands in the eastern states for lands west of the Mississippi River. This led to the forced relocation of
many Native American tribes.
What was the significance of the Supreme
Court case Worcester v. Georgia (1832)?
the Supreme Court ruled that Georgia's laws regarding Cherokee lands were unconstitutional and that
only the federal government had authority in Native American affairs. However, President Jackson
refused to enforce the decision, paving the way for Indian removal.
What was Sequoyah’s contribution to the
Cherokee?
He developed a new alphabet for the Cherokee language
What was the Cherokee constitution, and
why was it created?
The Cherokee constitution, adopted in 1827, was a written framework of government modeled after
the United States Constitution; it was meant to protect the sovereignty and territory of the Cherokee
nation
What was the Treaty of New Echota and why
was it controversial?
The treaty was signed in 1835 between the U.S. government and a small group of Cherokee leaders. It
was used to justify removal of Cherokee people from their lands, despite the fact that most Cherokee
did not recognize it as legitimate.
What was the Trail of Tears? A series of forced relocations of Native American tribes following the Indian Removal Act. The most
notorious was the relocation of the Cherokee in 1838-1839, where thousands died during the journey.
This was a direct result of Jackson's Indian removal policies.
What was the transition from National
Republicans to the Whig Party?
The National Republican Party, led by Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams, opposed Jackson's policies.
After Jackson's reelection in 1832, they joined with other anti-Jackson groups to form the Whig Party.
The Whigs supported a stronger federal government, internal improvements, and the national bank.