Communication is a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment. Communication has occured if we achieve a common understanding of something.

Fragments

A Fragment is a group of word that looks like a sentence, but actually is not a complete sentence. Fragments are usually missing a subject or a verb. They do not express a complete thought.

Examples:

• Effective communication, it is a process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, knowledge and information such that the purpose or intention is fulfilled in the best possible manner.

• The sender, the person who initiates the process of communication by sending a message while the receiver, the one to whom the message is to be delivered.

• The information communicated not vague or false in any sense.

• It must free from errors and grammatical mistakes.

• If the information incomplete, it may lead to wrong decisions.

• The sender must keeping in mind the attitude, language, knowledge, education level and position of the receiver.

• The message it should be drafted to reflect the sender’s courtesy, humbleness, and respect.

  5 features of a  sentence fragment

  1. Missing Subject.

  2. Missing Verb or misuse of verb.

  3. Has a left over phrase.

  4. Abandoned clause.

  5. Misuse of “‘such as, for example, especially,’” etc.

  How to turn fragments into complete sentences?

  1. Attach the fragment to a nearby complete sentence.

  2. Revise the fragment by adding whatever is missing - subject, verb, complement, complete thought

  3. Rewrite the fragment or the entire passage.

More examples of a correct sentences:

• Finding a parking space there is usually easy during the week.

• Shaking his new boss’s hand, Tony knew he would like working there.

• After getting estimates from five contractors, she decided to do the work herself.

• The nineteen-year-old car looked out of place next to the new models.

• To avoid hitting the other car, Michael had to back across the corner of the lawn.

• Since Anna wasn’t at the meeting, I took notes so that she wouldn’t miss anything.

• While living there, he made very few friends.

• My brother has been running a charter fishing boat for five years.

• By the time that everyone had quieted down, my favorite television show was over.

• Although I knew she might wear something outrageous, I was still shocked by her dress.

  Paragraph

  • *Point - make the central argument or express the main idea in the topic sentence.

  • *Evidence - back up the point made by providing reasons or evidence ; enumerate, identify or list relevant evidence.

  • *Explanation - Explain each evidence through an illustration, description, examples or relevant anecdotes.

  *Link - close the paragraph by paraphrasing the central argument.

  Register

  The way a speaker or a writer uses different language in different circumstances.

  5 different spoken registers

  1. Frozen or static - refers to historic language or communication that is intended to remain unchanged. ex. constitution or prayer, law, Bible.

  2. Formal - less rigid but still constrained. Slang is never used and contractions are rare. ex. TED talk, Business Presentation, The Encyclopedia Britannica.

  3. Consultative- speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or who offers advice. Slang is sometimes and people may pause or interrupt each other. ex. local TV news broadcast, Physical Check-up, a plumber

  4. Casual - when speaking with friends, close acquaintances and co-workers, family. use of slang, vernacular. ex. Birthday party or backyard barbeque.

  5. Intimate- Reserved for special occasions, between two people and often in private. Ex. inside joke.