L13 & 14: TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

Since engaging in conversion is also bound by implicit rules, Cohen (1990) states that strategies must be used to start, to maintain a conversation and avoid communication breakdown

7 TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

  1. @@Nomination@@ - suggests OPENING A TOPIC.
    • A speaker carries out nominations to collaboratively and productively establish a topic. When you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with the people you’re talking to. For example. “Do you have any idea why Albert is not attending our class?”
  2. @@Restriction@@ - refers to ANY LIMITATION YOU HAVE AS SPEAKER.
    • When communicating in the classroom, in a meeting, or while hanging out with your friends, you’re typically given specific instructions that you must follow. These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.
    • For example. “Group 1 will brainstorm about the disadvantages of peer pressure”. (Only 1 topic is provided)
  3. @@Turn-Taking@@ - Gives others the opportunity or chance to talk.
    • Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk because others take much time during the conversation. Turn-taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor. Thus, speakers must give only relevant ideas and opinions to give other people a chance to speak. For example, “Do you want to say something?”
  4. @@Topic Control@@ - covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of a topic in conversations.
    • For example, In meetings, you may only have a turn to speak after the chairperson directs you to do so. This is to avoid unnecessary interruptions.
  5. @@Topic Shifting@@ - involves moving from one topic to another.
    • In other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins.
  6. @@Repair@@ - refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
    • For example, if everybody in the conversation seems to talk at the same time, give way and appreciate the other’s initiative to set the conversation back to its topic.
  7. @@Termination@@ - refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expression that ends a topic in a conversation.
    • Most of the time, the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well.