119 10-30 mp3

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Making friends with wealthy individuals increases chances of personal success.
Proximity to wealth can lead to learning from successful individuals or receiving financial support.

Partial Caring: Caring primarily for friends and family, prioritized over others.
- Seen as natural but limiting, can lead to self-serving behavior and societal disorder.
Impartial Caring: Every individual's well-being is important regardless of relationship.
- Moral Framework: Success is measured by outcomes. Ethical actions are those that improve overall benefits.
Real-world Example: Requesting aid from wealthy individuals, highlights reliance on connections.

Caring vs. Not Caring: Even small acts of kindness can have a positive impact, regardless of what the recipient does with the assistance.
Moral quandaries concerning actions like helping a homeless person, even if they might use aid for negative purposes.

The Moists argue that societal disorder arises from a lack of caring for others.
- Relationships like filial piety and duties towards rulers are essential for societal stability.
Failure to practice impartial care leads to individualistic and disorderly behavior.

Legalism focuses on strict laws, rewards, and punishments as foundational principles for governance.
Han Fei promotes the idea that human nature is fundamentally self-serving; thus, citizens require laws to guide their actions.

Rulers must clearly administer rewards and punishments to maintain control and ensure order.
Clear, visible consequences for actions ensure obedience from the populace.

Legalism suggests that rulers should not be bound by tradition and should understand contemporary needs.
Laws should adapt to the present situation for effectiveness, regardless of past precedents.

A ruler must maintain sole control over punishment and reward to prevent power from shifting to advisors.
True effectiveness comes from having laws that match the actions of those in power, creating a predictable system for citizens.

Legalism calls for reducing crime through strict enforcement of laws and clear societal norms, aimed at achieving a peaceful and functional society.
It emphasizes that both punishment and reward should be public, ensuring all people see the consequences of their actions.

The influences of various schools of thought, including practicality in governance and international relations (IR), are set against idealism found in Confucianism or Moism.
The lecture ends with an indication of future discussions on Buddhism and other relevant philosophical texts.