CPR
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (heart and Lungs)
Given to someone that is unresponsive, no pulse, no breath (A gasp is not a breath)
CAB – compression, airway, breathing. CPR always begins with compression
Victim – 3 types
• Adult – Puberty and over
• Child – 1 8 years old
• Infant – less than 1 year old
Steps:
- Make sure the scene is a safe (only move a victim if the scene is dangerous)
- Check patient for responsiveness
- Activate EMS (call 911)
- Check pulse and breath (no more than 10 secs)
o Adult – use carotid pulse
o Infant / child – use brachial / femoral
- Begin with compression
Compression:
- Pushing down on the lower half of the sternum (Breastbone) to compress the heart.
- Allows blood to flow to the organs (brain is the first organ to be affected)
- Compress at a rate of 100 – 120 times per minute
- Adults – compress at a depth of 2 -2.4 inches
- Infants/children – 1/3 the depth of the chest of 1.5 – 2 inches
- Chest recoils – allows the heart to fill with blood
Airway:
- Allow air to flow directly into the lungs
- Methods:
o Head-tilt-chin lift – recommended for one person (Best way to open airway of an unresponsive with no suspected neck injury)
o Jaw-thrust – recommended for two person CPR (neck/ spinal injury)
o Advanced airway – tube inserted directly into lungs
Breaths:
- 2 breaths after each set of compression for all victims
o Observe chest rising
o Each breath is delivered over 3 – 5 sec
- Method of delivery
o Mouth to barrier
o Valve-mask
o Bag-valve mask – recommended for two-person rescue
Compression to breath Ratio:
- Adult 1-person/2-person rescue: 30:2
- Infant/child:
o 1-person – 30:2
o 2-person 15:2
🎯 Memory tip: "30 for me, 15 for we" — 30 when solo, 15 when duo on a little one.
- 30:2 for all victims except 2-person infant/child which is 15:2
2-person Rescue: 1 person gives compression while 2nd person gives breath
3 -person Rescue: 2 persons alternate compression while 1 person gives breath
Switch roles after 5 cycles (approx. 2 mins) to prevent exhaustion
o I cycle = 1 set of compression = 1 set of breath
Team members function to know their roles and their responsibilities
- Inform rescuers what you can and cannot do (if any injures that prevent you from doing task ex. Injured wrist cannot do compression)
- Let team member know if compressions are not effective
AED: Automated external defibrillator
- Used to deliver shock to the heart to restore or regulate abnormal heart rhythm (dysrhythmia)
- First step turn ON the device
- Deliver shock only when told to do so by the device (prompt)
o Once shock is delivered wait for AED to reanalyze
- Make sure patient is away from water and dry the chest before applying pads
- If the chest is hairy, shave or use another pad to get rid of excess hair
o Pads may not stick
- Do not touch patient when shock is being delivered
- If pediatric attenuators are not available use adult pads
Infant CPR:
- 1 person: 2 fingers/ brachial artery ( 30:2)
- 2 persons: 2 thumb encircling (preferred technique) ( 15:2)
- One hand method may be used depending on the size of the infant and the rescuer.
Chocking Victims
- Adults; Abdominal thrust
- Infant: 5 back slaps/5 chest thrusts
- If choking patient becomes unresponsive activate EMS and begin CPR (check mouth for foreign object before giving breaths)