questions unit 6

What was the primary reason the North went to war with the South? The primary reason the North went to war with the South was to preserve the Union. Although slavery was a central issue, the North initially fought to keep the United States together, especially as Southern states seceded from the Union over disagreements about slavery and states' rights.
How many total soldiers enlisted in the Union Army? Approximately 2.1 million soldiers enlisted in the Union Army during the Civil War.
How many total soldiers enlisted in the Confederate Army? Around 900,000 soldiers enlisted in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.
Who gave the Gettysburg Address in November 1863? Abraham Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
What did the 13th Amendment do? The 13th Amendment, ratified in December 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
What did the 14th Amendment guarantee? The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, guaranteed equal protection under the law and due process to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including former slaves.
What did the 15th Amendment establish? The 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, established that voting rights could not be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
What was the Compromise of 1877? The Compromise of 1877 was an informal agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election. It resulted in Rutherford B. Hayes becoming president in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.
Why was the Battle of Antietam considered pivotal? The Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, was pivotal because it was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history and gave President Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
What was the immediate effect of the Emancipation Proclamation? The immediate effect of the Emancipation Proclamation, issued by Lincoln on January 1, 1863, was that it freed slaves in Confederate states that were still in rebellion, though it did not affect slaves in border states or Union-controlled areas.
What were the Black Codes designed to do? The Black Codes were laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans, such as limiting their ability to own property, travel freely, and vote.
How many Union soldiers were wounded or killed? Over 600,000 Union soldiers were either killed, wounded, or went missing during the Civil War, with approximately 360,000 deaths.
How many Confederate soldiers were wounded or killed? About 300,000 Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or went missing, with an estimated 258,000 deaths.
What did Lincoln refer to as a "new birth of freedom"? In his Gettysburg Address, Lincoln referred to the Civil War as a "new birth of freedom," emphasizing the idea that the war would not only preserve the Union but also bring about a new commitment to liberty and equality for all people.
What did Frederick Douglass argue about military service? Frederick Douglass argued that African Americans should be allowed to enlist in the Union Army as soldiers, seeing it as a way for them to prove their worth and secure their rights as full citizens.
How did the federal government initially handle Ku Klux Klan activities? The federal government responded to the Ku Klux Klan's violence during Reconstruction by passing the Ku Klux Klan Acts in the early 1870s, which authorized the president to use military force to suppress Klan activities and protect African Americans' rights.
What divided the former Confederate states after the war? After the Civil War, the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 divided the South into military districts to enforce Reconstruction policies and ensure that Southern states complied with new laws granting civil rights to African Americans.
What document did Lincoln say gave him his political sentiments? Lincoln frequently referred to the Declaration of Independence as the document that defined his political beliefs, particularly its assertion that "all men are created equal."
Was the Civil War initially about freeing slaves? No, the Civil War was not initially about freeing slaves. The war began primarily as a conflict over the preservation of the Union, though slavery became a central issue as the war progressed, particularly with the Emancipation Proclamation.
What organization was established to support newly freed African Americans? The Freedmen's Bureau was established in 1865 to provide assistance to newly freed African Americans, offering education, healthcare, and legal help.
What economic system became prevalent in the South after the Civil War? Sharecropping became prevalent in the South after the Civil War, where landowners would allow tenants to farm their land in exchange for a share of the crops.
What group emerged to intimidate African Americans during Reconstruction? The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) emerged during Reconstruction to intimidate African Americans, especially those attempting to exercise their new rights, such as voting or owning land.
What was Lincoln's stance on potential bloodshed in his Independence Hall speech? In his Independence Hall speech (1861), Lincoln expressed his hope to avoid war, but he also declared that he would use force to preserve the Union if necessary, warning that any attempt to break up the country would be met with resistance.
What fundamental change did African Americans experience during Reconstruction? During Reconstruction, African Americans gained citizenship and voting rights, especially with the passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments, marking a significant shift in their legal and political status.
What was Frederick Douglass' primary motivation for encouraging African Americans to enlist in the Union Army? Douglass believed that military service in the Union Army would be a powerful means for African Americans to demonstrate their patriotism, gain respect, and secure their civil rights and freedom.
What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation? The Emancipation Proclamation was significant because it shifted the focus of the war to the abolition of slavery and made it a war goal of the Union, alongside preserving the nation.
How did the economic composition of Union and Confederate armies differ? The Union Army had a more industrialized economy, allowing it to produce weapons, supplies, and resources at a much larger scale. The Confederate Army, in contrast, struggled with limited industrial capacity and an economy reliant on agriculture.
What were the main provisions of the Freedmen's Bureau? The Freedmen's Bureau helped provide food, housing, medical care, education, and legal assistance to African Americans and poor whites in the South.
What led to the rise of sharecropping in the South after the Civil War? Sharecropping arose due to the lack of capital and land available to former slaves and poor whites. Landowners provided land and tools in exchange for a share of the crops, creating a cycle of debt for many sharecroppers.
How did the 14th Amendment change the definition of citizenship? The 14th Amendment extended citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including former slaves, and granted them equal protection under the law.
What was the impact of the Compromise of 1877? The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South and effectively returning control of Southern governments to white Democrats, allowing for the institutionalization of segregation and disenfranchisement.
How did Black Codes limit the opportunities of African Americans? Black Codes restricted African Americans' rights by limiting their ability to own property, freely move, and work in certain occupations, while also imposing harsh labor contracts.
What was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction? The Ku Klux Klan aimed to terrorize and intimidate African Americans and white Republicans in the South, trying to restore white supremacy and overturn the gains made during Reconstruction.
How did Lincoln's views on slavery evolve throughout the Civil War? Initially, Lincoln sought to prevent the spread of slavery but not immediately abolish it. However, as the war progressed, he came to see the abolition of slavery as essential to preserving the Union and securing liberty for all Americans.
What challenges did African American soldiers face during the Civil War? African American soldiers faced discrimination, lower pay, poor conditions, and the constant threat of being captured and enslaved if they were taken prisoner by the Confederacy.
How did the Battle of Antietam influence the Emancipation Proclamation? The Union's strategic victory at Antietam gave Lincoln the confidence to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, turning the war into a fight not just for Union preservation but for the abolition of slavery.
What was the significance of the 15th Amendment? The 15th Amendment was significant because it guaranteed that the right to vote

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