Architecture History Notes

Neolithic Architecture

• Post & Lintel - Two posts and a stone above, used for doorways.

• Stonehenge - Circle of massive stones, possibly ceremonial.

• Cromlech - A circle of standing stones.

Ancient Egyptian and Mesoamerican Architecture

• Mastaba - Ancient Egyptian tomb, flat-roofed.

• King Zoser’s Step Pyramid (constructed by Imhotep) - Early pyramid, stacked mastabas.

• Great Pyramids of Giza (and internal architecture) - Iconic Egyptian pyramids, precise construction.

• Tikal Pyramids - Mayan pyramids in Guatemala.

Greco-Roman Columns and Architecture

• Dorian vs. Ionic vs. Corinthian Columns (with column portions) - Greek column styles: simple, decorative, ornate.

• Parthenon (Multi-ordered; Elgin Marbles; Entasis; Cultural Significance, Portico) - Athenian temple, refined details, cultural icon.

• Pantheon (Cofferled Dome, Oculus, Roman concrete) - Roman temple, innovative dome design.

• Aspects of a Roman city - Organized urban planning, infrastructure.

Arches

• Corbeled Arches - Overlapping stones creating an arch.

• Round Arches (Vaults, crosshatches, and keystones) - Semicircular arch, strong support.

• Pointed Arches (Gothic, Thinner and Taller) - Arch with a pointed apex, taller structures.

Churches

• Cathedral/Basilica Structure - Large church, specific layout.

• Transept - Crosses the nave.

• Nave - Central area for congregation.

• Aisle - Passageway alongside the nave.

• Apse - Semicircular recess at the end of the church.

• Vaulted Ceiling - Arched ceiling.

• Ribbed Vault - Vault with reinforcing ribs.

• Flying Buttresses - Exterior supports.

• Stained Glass - Colored glass windows.

• Rose Window - Circular stained glass window.

Modern Museums, Decolonization, and Kingelez’s Artwork

• Focus on application and concept comprehension.