Unit 1 Vocab

Filial Piety

  • A concept in Neo-Confucianism emphasizing respect and obedience to elders and ancestors.

Neo-Confucianism

  • A revival of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, incorporating Buddhist and Daoist elements.

Theravada Buddhism

  • A branch of Buddhism emphasizing personal enlightenment through meditation and self-discipline.

Champa Rice

  • A fast-growing rice variety from Vietnam that boosted agricultural production in China.

The Grand Canal

  • A large canal system in China that facilitated trade and transportation.

Song Dynasty

  • A period of economic and cultural prosperity in China, marked by innovations and artistic achievements.

Innovation & Continuity

  • The interplay between new ideas and established traditions in historical development.

Monotheism

  • The belief in one God.

Dualism

  • The belief in two opposing forces or principles.

House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad

  • A major intellectual center during the Islamic Golden Age, fostering scholarship and translation.

Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt

  • A powerful dynasty in Egypt ruled by Mamluk slave soldiers.

Abbasid Caliphate

  • A major Islamic empire that oversaw a golden age of intellectual and cultural development.

Delhi Sultanate

  • A Muslim kingdom in India that promoted Islam and Persian culture.

Scholarly and cultural transfer between A/-Andalus&Spain

  • Exchange of knowledge and ideas between Islamic Spain and Christian Europe.

Bhakti Movement

  • A Hindu religious movement emphasizing devotion and love for a personal god.

Maya city-state governance

  • Independent city-states in Mesoamerica with their own rulers and governments.

Medieval European Governance

  • Feudal systems with decentralized power structures.

Diasporic Community of Merchants

  • Merchant communities living outside their homeland, facilitating trade and cultural exchange.

Varna

  • The Hindu caste system, a social hierarchy based on birth.

Reincarnation

  • The belief that the soul is reborn into a new body after death.

4 Noble Truths

  • The central teachings of Buddhism about suffering and the path to liberation.

Nirvana

  • The ultimate goal of Buddhism, a state of enlightenment and liberation from suffering.

Role of Missionaries and merchants in cultural exchange

  • The spread of ideas and customs through religious conversion and trade.

Sufi

  • A mystical branch of Islam emphasizing direct experience of God.

Mandate of Heaven

  • The belief that the Chinese emperor's right to rule came from divine authority.

Buddhist monasticism

  • The practice of living as a monk or nun in a Buddhist community.

Srivijaya Empire Governance

  • A maritime empire in Southeast Asia known for its trade and Buddhist culture.

Aztec (Mexica) Governance

  • A centralized empire in Mesoamerica with a complex social and political structure.

2 religious ideas of the Shang-Zhou period in China

  • Ancestor worship and the Mandate of Heaven.

Ethiopian Governance

  • Christian kingdom in Africa with a unique blend of religious and political traditions.

Rig Veda

  • An ancient collection of Hindu hymns and religious texts.

The Bhagavad Gita

  • A Hindu scripture that explores themes of duty, devotion, and liberation.

The Analects

  • A collection of sayings and teachings of Confucius.

Dao de Jing

  • A foundational text of Daoism, emphasizing living in harmony with nature.

Torah

  • The first five books of the Hebrew Bible, containing Jewish law and history.

metallurgy

  • The science and technology of metals.

Qadi

  • A judge in Islamic law.

5 Pillars

  • The core practices of Islam: faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.

Hadith

  • Sayings and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.

Qu'ran

  • The holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of God.

Abrahamic Faith

  • Religions that trace their origins to Abraham, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Shar'iah

  • Islamic law based on the Qu'ran and Hadith.

Medieval Baghdad

  • A major center of learning and culture during the Islamic Golden Age.

Golden Age of Islam

  • A period of intellectual and cultural flourishing in the Islamic world.

Caliph

  • The supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state.

Ibn al-Haytham

  • A pioneering scientist who made significant contributions to optics and scientific method.

Umayyad Caliphate

  • A major Islamic dynasty that expanded the empire and established a new capital in Damascus.

Effect of the Hajj

  • Promoted cultural exchange and unity among Muslims from diverse regions.

purdah

  • The practice of female seclusion in some Islamic societies.

Aristotle's influence on Islamic Science

  • Greek philosopher whose works were translated and integrated into Islamic scholarship.

manorial system

  • An economic and social system in medieval Europe based on landed estates and serf labor.

The Translation Movement

  • Efforts to translate Greek and other ancient texts into Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age.

4 reasons for Islamic Conversion

  • Religious appeal, social mobility, economic incentives, and political alliances.

Muslim

  • A follower of Islam.

Ulama

  • Religious scholars and experts in Islamic law.

"people of the book"

  • A term used to refer to Jews and Christians in Islamic texts.

madrasa

  • An Islamic religious school or college.

Mosque architec

  • Architectural style influenced by Islam.

sufi

  • A practitioner of Sufism, Islamic mysticism.

idolatry

  • The worship of idols or images.

arabesque

  • A type of ornate design used in Islamic art.

kaaba

  • A sacred building in Mecca, central to Islamic pilgrimage.

Caliphate

  • An Islamic state ruled by a caliph.

Muhammad

  • The prophet and founder of Islam.

Mecca

  • The holiest city in Islam, located in Saudi Arabia.

Political fragment

  • The division of a political entity into smaller, independent units.