Ch. 14: Human Genetics
14.1
- Karyotypes
- a picture of chromosomes, each chromosome is cut out & organized largest (first) to smallest (last)
- first 22 sets - biggest to shortest; last set - sex chromosomes
- staining allows banding to see what matches in the chromosomes
- genome: full set of genetic information an organism carries in its DNA
- females = XX, males = XY
- chromosome sets 1-22: autosomes
- chromosome set 23: sex chromosomes
- X chromosome is bigger than Y chromosome
- x chromosome: 1200 genes; y chromosomes 140 genes
- top of Y chromosome = “testes-determining factor”
- any genes that come from sex chromosomes: referred to as sex-linked
How Humans Get their Traits
- x-chromosome inactivation: