quiz answers

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● Despite the importance of immigration as a domestic political issue, the percentage of foreign-born residents in the United States — 15.13% — is lower than that in some other developed countries

● The bank for international settlements (BIS) was established in 1930 to help oversee relations between Germany and its international creditors and is the oldest world finance institution

● Reasons why a host country might want a multinational corporation to set up within its borders is because it generates significant tax revenue and brings talents and knowledge to a local economy. Reasons why a host country might not want a multinational corporation to set up within his borders is because it Spurs protests by local competitors and may leave a whole in the economy if they depart

● Also known as the international Bank for reconstruction and development, the world Bank define help developing countries Access credit markets they otherwise could not engage with, for the purpose of building infrastructure. Although other international institutions May provide credit, they often do so for different purposes; this major international institution lens money are they low interest rate to developing countries for the purposes of building infrastructure and other such projects

● The following important events in international financial history is in chronological order from the earliest to the most recent: the great depression, the founding of bretton woods institutions such as the IMF on the world bank, the Latin American debt crisis and the global financial crisis

● One of us does purchased stocks or bonds and a private corporation in another country, it is known as portfolio investment. This is different from foreign direct investment, which is when investors purchase or start a local facility in another country — a local facility they nevertheless maintain control over

● Many people in developed countries wear multinational corporations MNCs or have quartered have criticized MNCs for their practices. All of the following are reasons why people in developed countries have criticized MNCs: they use the threats of moving jobs overseas to extract concessions from workers, they outsource some jobs to other countries, thereby hurting labor in their home country and avoid environmental regulations by moving production to states with less intense environmental standards

● Both labor and capitals will seek to move to places with a higher rate of return for the investment on time

● The following are always the heckscher-ohlin Theory helps explain trends in foreign investment in emerging markets: developed countries pay little interest on loans because of the abundance of capital and investors can get larger returns in developing countries because of the scarcity of capital; developing countries are hungry for Capital to expand and develop and so they are willing to pay higher returns in order to attract it

● The following are criticisms of the international monetary fund: because of the conditions attached to loans, states must give a part of their own self-governance to receive IMF support; the IMF violates the sovereignty of nations, the conditions the IMF attaches to loans harm the poorest citizens of a country and the IMF is a tool of international financiers

● Austerity measures are almost uniformly on popular in destinations, why creditors see them as occasionally necessary actions to pay off loans. The following are commonalities debtor Nations share with the creditors and where the interests of debtor Nations and predators diverge: and debtors want to maintain access to international credit markets

● The following are we using the corporation might want to become multinational corporation multinational corporations send different parts of the production chain to the places where they are cheapest, multinational corporations have access to resources that they otherwise cannot get and multinational corporations avoid treatments by producing in a local market

● The countries with the largest share of the population who are international migrants are found in the Middle East and the United States holds more international migrants than any other country legend can you turn on that light please turn off the alarm please and then it's a blanket

● Concessional finance is the kind of finance that entails wealthy countries organizations either giving money or lending it at a very low interest rate to poorer Nations

● Although they are more people migrating today, as a percentage of world population labor and migration was larger in the 1800s; labor migration was a proportionally larger percentage of the population in the 1800s than today

● One reason that the covid-19 pandemic led to shortages of consumer goods was a global Supply chain: and I'll break in one country or region disrupted the production of goods destined for the parts of the world; the global supply chain has made production more efficient and lower the cost of goods, but it has increased interdependency and made such disruptions more likely

● The countries don't treat people like they trade products, Nations that have a large pools of unskilled labor are more likely to allow such people to migrate to other parts of the world; countries at large numbers of unskilled labor will export that labor to the rest of the world

● Businesses that are entirely domestic in nature and central banks would benefit more from a floating currency and businesses that conduct international trade would benefit more from a fixed currency

● Commodity back to paper standard system fixes its currency to a commodity, usually gold. With a national paper currency standard, currency is backed by the commitments of issuing government to support it

● Of the late 90s, the currency crisis in East Asia contagion spread not necessarily because of direct fine national links but because investors saw similarities between the countries and their currency regimes

● A serious currency crisis, known as the "Tequila Effect," broke out in Mexico in 1994. The government tried to keep the peso pegged to the value of the US dollar (USD) within a narrow exchange rate band, but domestic political instability, narrow election results, and currency-trader skittishness prevented them from being able to do so. This currency crisis later spread throughout Latin America.

● Many European countries faced and difficult currency decisions in 1991 and 1992 because they had pegged their currency to the German Deutschmark and was engaging in rapid interest rate increases

● The following were features of the gold standard international monetary regime approved contentious in places like the United states, it limited the independence of a country's monetary policy and the system relied on major financial Powers being willing to stabilize each other through emergency loans

● The following is steps of a typical currency crisis in order from first to last: the government commits itself to a fixed exchange rate, the government fees is difficulty sticking to its promised exchange rate, people especially investors Louisville and a government's ability to keep its exchange rate, investors sell off the nations currency and exchange it for more reliable foreign currencies and the government devalues its currency

● Because it is often charged with adjusting national interest rates or exchange rates, a country's Central Bank is a key tool of monetary policy

● In the late 1800s and early 1900s, many in the United States advocated for a silver standard to replace the prevailing gold standard. The following were arguments made by supporters of the silver standard: it would have helped debtors and it would make American exports more competitive by devaluing the dollar

● The following our principal features of an international monetary regime and understanding of what the currencies are fixed, floating or a combination of their own and an agreement on what benchmark or standard currency value will be based on

● Farmers in manufacturers prefer to have a country devalues so as to weaken the currency which will help them compete overseas

● Higher interest rates attract foreign investors but another for those individuals to invest, they must acquire in countries currency does raising demand for and strengthening it

● Caused in part by States borrowing heavily after the creation of the euro: Europe 2011 to 2015. Caused by Germany raising interest rates while other European nations had tied their currencies to the Deutschmark: Europe 1992. Caused in part by political unrest and uncertainty tied to an assassination colon Mexico 1994. Spread rapidly from country to country, caused and harmed by lagging exports and rising inflation: east Asia 1997

● The country keeping the value of its currency artificially low is what a most commonly mean for a country to manipulate its currency

● In the modern international monetary order, currencies are backed by the commitments of issuing governments to maintain their values

● Export oriented industrialization (EOI) was the most popular in East Asia

● The group of 77 is a coalition of developing countries. It operates within the United Nations and six to increase the influence of lDCs and that organization and reformed international economic order

● Areas where European colonists settled having often better long-term economic outcomes best captures the relationship between different patterns of colonial settlements along some economic development outcomes

● While resource deficiencies are a significant factor, a primary obstacle is often the presence of weak institutions, poor governance, and competing interests that manipulate the economy for private gain.

● Foreign aid is unlikely to play a major role in achieving economic development in less developed countries is because foreign aid does not always get spent in a way that promotes development, the amount of foreign aid currently given is relatively small and there is not much political will and developed countries for substantially increasing foreign aid

● The following are part of the project of increasing global economic integration: privatization of government run enterprises come on fiscal and monetary policies designed to keep inflation low and trade liberalization

● As argued by Raul Prebisch, if international trade disadvantages less developed countries due to deteriorating terms of trade, these policies would be justified in pursuit of economic development: subsidizing domestic industrialization and quotas or tariffs to limit imports into ldcs

● The following are domestic factors that can encourage economic growth: public confidence in the government, a commitment to private property rights, a strong infrastructure and representative political institutions

● Historically, European settler colonies created institutions that resulted in more investment compared to resource instruction. These colonies experienced more economic growth and development than colonies where Europeans did not settle

● Lesser developed countries participate in organizations like the IMF and WTO because of common interests with developed countries in a managed international economy. However, due to power disparities lesser developed countries have little influence and decisions made by these organizations. For example, developed countries have been successful again in access to market in developing countries while resisting trade liberalization that would benefit exporters in lesser developed countries

● The following are several prominent approaches to help explain why it is difficult for some countries to improve their economic development: geographic location, domestic institutions and domestic factors

● Having abundant access to a valuable natural resource often leading to less economic development over time is what we mean by a country having a resource curse

● An oligopoly is a market structure where a few large firms dominate the market, have significant control over prices, and face high barriers to entry for new competitors.

● The following statements about import substituting industrialization are true: important substituting industrialization was very popular after the end of the Great depression and world war II and import substituting industrialization focused on reducing reliance on imports from developed countries

● Farmers who know that their land will not be taken will come up for example, invest in fertilizer, crop rotation and irrigation — I'mwhich will allow them to produce more on the same land

● The following a key elements of import substituting industrialization: check barriers are erected to protect domestic manufacturers, the government provides incentives to domestic industries and basic industrial services such as power and water are provided by public Enterprises

● In recent years, total annual foreign assistance per person in LDCs has been about 25 dollars on average in US dollars

● South America and plantation economies were reinforced by institutions that deprived most south of Americans of the right to participate in politics. Such an arrangements solidified plantation owners control over the economy, hampering development in other sectors

● According to some analysts, such as Raul Prebisch, One reason lesser developing countries remain disadvantage economically is that the specializing primary products, which are subject to market competition, whereas good produced by developed Nations tend to be controlled by oligopolies

● All of the following are reasons why oil producing countries have been unusually successful in forming a strong commodity cartel: a relatively small number of states control a large percentage of display, there are not many substitutes for oil in the industrial process and many oil producing states share religious and cultural ties

● Suppose Argentina encourages domestic producers to manufacture everything the state and its citizens might need, rather than relying on manufactured goods produced by other countries. Argentina would be pursuing import-substituting industrialization. Suppose South Korea, on the other hand, manufactures goods primarily to sell to wealthier states. South Korea would be pursuing export-oriented industrialization