Purposive Communication: Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics

What is Language?

A language has a system of rules (also known as grammar), a sound system (phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon). Animals can communicate like humans do but they cannot produce language in the strictest sense of the word.

TERMINOLOGIES

1. SPEECH COMMUNITY - Individuals who share the same set of rules in the language system.

2. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION - is the process of learning the languages that members of the community use.

3. MOTHER TONGUES - the language acquired while growing up and can also be referred to as first languages.

4. LANGUAGE LEARNING - languages learned by studying formally in school or informally on their own.

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

It is defined as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between among two or more people, various contexts come into play.

CONTEXT

is the situation or setting in which communication occur. Such circumstance or environment may include the physical or actual setting, the value positions of a speaker/listener, and the relevance or appropriateness of a message conveyed.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION

1.Communication Model

2.Context

3.Purpose and Style

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE

  • VERBAL NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
  • VISUAL COMMUNICATION
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT

1. INTRAPERSONAL

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

TWO OBJECTIVES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

1. Transactional

2. Maintaining social relationship

3. EXTENDED COMMUNICATION

Involves the use of electronic media.

Nowadays, extended communication can refer to tele, audio, or phone conferencing; video conferencing; Skype calls; and other modern means, as opposed to the past when it only referred to the usage of television and radio.

COMMUNICATION MODELS

1. Aristotle's Model

2.Laswell's Model

3.Shannon - Weaver's Model

4.David Berlo's Model

A. ARISTOTLE'S COMMUNICATION MODEL

Classical rhetoric was developed in ancient Greece by famous rhetoricians including Plato, Aristotle, and the Greek Sophis. Effective public speaking was an important consideration in the study of communication. They were good at argumentation and debate; and speech was characterized by repartee.

THREE VARIABLES IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  • Speaker
  • Speech
  • Audience

LASWELL'S COMMUNICATION MODEL

  • Who(Communicator)
  • Says what(message)
  • In which channel(medium)
  • To whom(receiver)
  • With what effect(effect)

SHANNON-WEAVER'S COMMUNICATION MODEL

The communication model developed by Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver was presented in 1949, one year after Laswell's for Bell Laboratories. It was initially developed as a model for technical communication for the operation of radio and television before being adopted by the communication industry.

BERLO'S COMMUNICATION MODEL

It was conceptualized in 1960 and is probably the most well-known among the communication models.

Initially, it was called SMCR (Sender, Message, Channel and Receiver). However, it was modified later on to include noise, hence the acronym SMCRN.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

1. Know your purpose in communicating.

2. Know your audience.

3. Know your topic.

4. Adapt your writing or speaking to the situation's context.

5. Work on the feedback given you.

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

1. Be clear with your purpose.

2. Be complete with the message you deliver.

3. Be concise.

4. Be natural with your delivery.

5. Give feedback that is timely and specific.

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

  • Be clear
  • Be concise
  • Be concrete
  • Be correct
  • Be coherent
  • Be complete
  • Be courteous

ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Create an effective value system that will open the door for the growth of your personal integrity.

2. Provide complete and accurate information

3. Disclose vital information adequately and appropriately.