The pelvic floor is a muscular sheet that defines the lower portion of the pelvic cavity.
Formed by the pelvic diaphragm from the pubis to the coccyx.
Key muscles include the levator ani and ischiococcygeus.
These muscles create openings for the anal canal, urethra, and vagina in females.
Comprises two muscles: pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus.
Fundamental for pelvic floor function.
Supports pelvic viscera and resists intra-abdominal pressure.
Directs pressure toward the colon for defecation and uterus during childbirth.
Forms sphincters at the urethra and anus, aiding continence.
Figure 1: Shows the anatomical locations of the levator ani and ischiococcygeus, emphasizing their role in pelvic support.
Located below the pelvic diaphragm.
Shaped like a diamond, bordered by:
Pubic symphysis (anteriorly)
Coccyx (posteriorly)
Ischial tuberosities (laterally)
Divided into two triangles:
Urogenital triangle (anterior): Houses external genitals.
Anal triangle (posterior): Encompasses the anus.
Figure 2: Diagrams the perineum's organization and functions.
The perineum is divided into superficial and deep layers, each with roles common to all sexes.
Superficial Muscles include:
Levator ani: Resists abdominal pressure and aids in defecation.
Bulbospongiosus: Supports the perineal body and assists in sexual functions.
Deep Muscles include:
Ischiocavernosus: Compresses urethra and maintains erections.
External urethral sphincter: Controls urination.
External anal sphincter: Controls defecation.
Understanding the pelvic floor's complexity provides insights into various bodily functions.
Highlights muscle roles in functions like defecation, urination, and childbirth.
Important for maintaining genital structures and controlling sphincters.
Ejaculation: The process of expelling semen from the male reproductive tract, typically during sexual climax.
Anal Triangle: The posterior portion of the perineum that includes the anus and related structures.
Consider watching the video on the muscles of the pelvic floor for a visual understanding of these muscle groups.