Biology-Energetics

Heterotroph- eats other other organisms for protein and energy (animals, fungi, bacteria)

Autotroph- produces their own food for energy using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis (plants, bacteria, algae)

Cellular Energy-

(Fully charged battery)

ATP- Cells ATP to restore and release energy.

When energy is needed in the cell, it can release phosphate.

By breaking the bond, energy is available to the cell.

ATP is depicted at a fully charged battery because it’s at a full capacity for energy.

·       Ribose-type of sugar

·       Adenine

·       3 phosphate groups

ADP- low energy

(Partially charged battery)

Storing energy

·       When energy is available its stored with added a third phosphate To ADP

Photosynthesis equation-

6C02+6H20+light=602+6H1206

Carbon +water+sun=oxygen+glucose

·       Light energy from the sun captured by chlorophyll to allow sunlight to be turned into glucose. Simple- transfers sunlight into a usable form of energy

Structure of Chloroplast

Thylakoid-tire

Grana- stack of tires

Stroma- cytoplasm of the chloroplast

·      

Light reactions

·       Light dependent- requires light

·       Light independent

ASPECTS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

Cellular respiration Equation

Oxygen+glucose=Carbon dioxide+Water+Energy

602+6H1206=6C02+6H20+ATP

Electron carriers for cellular respiration

·      NAD+&NADH

·      FAD+&FADH2

·      Cylic like ADP and ATP

·      Hydrogens travel to the electron transport chain to cause ADP to convert to ATP and produce water

Glycolysis:

Reactant- 6 glucose

Products- Pyruvic acid

Where does the product go- Krebs cycle

Overall gain in ATP- 2

·      Doesn’t require oxygen

Not best way to obtain energy

Krebs cycle

Reactant- Pyruvic Acid

Where does it come from- Glycolysis

Products-  C02

Where does product go?

Released from organism

Overall gain-

2 ATP

Electron Transport Chain

Reactants-NADH, FADH2, oxegen

Where does it come from- mitochondria, matrix

Products- ATP, water

Energy in Numbers

Glycolysis- inefficient, two ATP (uses two to gain four)

Krebs cycle- two ATP

Electron transport chain- efficient, requires oxegen

OBJECTIVES

1.    Describe ATP and how energy is released from ATP- Plant cells use the process of photosynthesis to manufacture glucose. Glucose is used for cellular respiration, which is converted to a high energy compound called ATP by oxygen that occurs in the mitochondria.

Cellular Energy-

(Fully charged battery)

ATP- Cells use this to restore and release energy.

When energy is needed in the cell, it can release phosphate.

By breaking the bond, energy is available to the cell.

ATP is depicted at a fully charged battery because it’s at a full capacity for energy.

2.   Relate carbohydrate to the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Plant cells use photosynthesis to manufacture glucose. Glucose that is not used the right way can form long chains called carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are long term energy storage.

The glucose formed in photosynthesis serves as a energy source. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose or (carbohydrates), to release stored energy in the form of ATP.

3.    Identify Factors that affect the rate photosynthesis occurs.

Light color

Light intensity- the higher the light intensity, the lower energy

Light distance-

4.    Understand the role of glycolysis in cellular respiration pathways.

Glycolysis is the first step in the process of cellular respiration, and it serves as a key pathway for breaking down glucose to release energy. It begins with a single glucose moleculae (6 carbon sugar) and breaks it down to two molecules of pyruvate. Breakdown is essential because the gucose is too large. Then, the energy stored in glucose is released and captured in the form of ATP, which is the main souce of energy cells. It has a net gain of 2 ATP molecules, and 2 molecules of NADH are produced. It basically breaks glucose down into pyruvate, producing small amounts of ATP and NADH. Then it goes into the krebs cycle.

 Heterotroph- eats other other organisms for protein and energy (animals, fungi, bacteria)

Autotroph- produces their own food for energy using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis (plants, bacteria, algae)

Cellular Energy-

(Fully charged battery)

ATP- Cells ATP to restore and release energy.

When energy is needed in the cell, it can release phosphate.

By breaking the bond, energy is available to the cell.

ATP is depicted at a fully charged battery because it’s at a full capacity for energy.

·       Ribose-type of sugar

·       Adenine

·       3 phosphate groups

ADP- low energy

(Partially charged battery)

Storing energy

·       When energy is available its stored with added a third phosphate To ADP

Photosynthesis equation-

6C02+6H20+light=602+6H1206

Carbon +water+sun=oxygen+glucose

·       Light energy from the sun captured by chlorophyll to allow sunlight to be turned into glucose. Simple- transfers sunlight into a usable form of energy

Structure of Chloroplast

Thylakoid-tire

Grana- stack of tires

Stroma- cytoplasm of the chloroplast

·      

Light reactions

·       Light dependent- requires light

·       Light independent

ASPECTS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

Cellular respiration Equation

Oxygen+glucose=Carbon dioxide+Water+Energy

602+6H1206=6C02+6H20+ATP

Electron carriers for cellular respiration

·      NAD+&NADH

·      FAD+&FADH2

·      Cylic like ADP and ATP

·      Hydrogens travel to the electron transport chain to cause ADP to convert to ATP and produce water

Glycolysis:

Reactant- 6 glucose

Products- Pyruvic acid

Where does the product go- Krebs cycle

Overall gain in ATP- 2

·      Doesn’t require oxygen

Not best way to obtain energy

Krebs cycle

Reactant- Pyruvic Acid

Where does it come from- Glycolysis

Products-  C02

Where does product go?

Released from organism

Overall gain-

2 ATP

Electron Transport Chain

Reactants-NADH, FADH2, oxegen

Where does it come from- mitochondria, matrix

Products- ATP, water

Energy in Numbers

Glycolysis- inefficient, two ATP (uses two to gain four)

Krebs cycle- two ATP

Electron transport chain- efficient, requires oxygen