Chapter 16 + Chapter 17
Chapter 16
Industrialization, Capitalism, and Urbanization (1870-1900)
Capitalism - using money to make more money (investment) using industrialization
Urbanization - finding areas to have cheap labor
After reconstruction
The war always reciprocates labor
They thought that US would kill all Germans - they were begging please don’t kill our people
Einhower did not want to kill people
American Industrialization drastically improves, produces better technology - tractors were invented
Early Industrialization - 18th century
John Kay, Flying Shuttle - how they made fabrics
Textile, food, and housing which is what people needed at the time but textiles came first
Technological Innovation and Social Changes in 19th century
It is needed in order to improve society
1876-1879: Bell and Edison: the telephone, the filament in light bulb
Technological Innovation influences labor relations
Edison’s invention of the light bulb, the factory could be operated 24/7
Bell’s telephone, it helped with industrialization, easier communication between client and manufacters
Human labor was in trouble, replaced by a machine
Invention of Engine
Steam engine (Tomas Newcomen) to Internal combustion engine (Etienne Renoir)
Usually lasts 50 years until something else comes up (because of greed)
Business Monopoly
The consolidation of the railroad business
Central Pacific
Union Pacific
Andrew Carnegie
“Gospel of Wealth” - wrote it, Wealth is a blessing from God, so don’t be afraid to be rich
In Christianity, they believed that being rich was a sin, because you wouldn’t want to share with others and won’t go to heaven
John Rockefeller
Senator of Oil
Notion of “Free Market”
“Laissez- Faire” - leave it alone
Economy runs by itself, state intervention is not welcomed
“Invisible Hand” by Adam Smith - leave it alone, supply and demand = invisible hand/divine hand
“Natural” State of Society - jungle, animal kingdom, rich guy is the survivor of the fittest
Poor people should not complain
“Natural” State of Society
Social Darwinism
Natural Selection
Using Darwinism to rationalize social hierarchies and promote the perceived superiority of white people
Darwin did not care about humans and wrote 1-2 sentences about them, but capitalists wanted to believe in the latter, that this theory also applied to humans in terms of economy
God select rich people and they have the right to thrive in the society
Chapter 17
People’s Resistance against Capitalism, Corporate Culture, and Racism
Labor Unions
America was a very Capitalist country, saying that people shouldn’t do labor strikes or unions
American Federal of Labor (AFL) 1886
1905: Industrial Workers of the World
Reforms led by women
Gospel of Wealth, Jesus Christ never understand rich people
Jane Addams’ Settlement house in Chicago → spent her own money
Services for women and immigrants (Irish and Italians)
Social Gospel v. Gospel of Wealth
Christianity as an active agency to help poor
Poverty is given by God, insult
Capitalism, Irish and Italians are brought in for cheap labor, promoted capitalism
Immigration happened because capitalists wanted to cheap labor
Irish people were able to get jobs like Firefighters and police officers and etc… - they were treated better than the Italians
Temperance Movement
Fighting alcoholism
(women) They were trying to say that consuming alcohol is bad for society and tried to stop their close ones
Prohibition (18th amendment): Constitutional ban on the sale, production, importation, and transportation of alcoholic beverages (1920-1933)
Italians were brought in and they were known/considered to be a part of a mafia, it was negative connotation (criminal minded mafia)
Moonshining was one of the jobs that were available
Evil entertainment: drugs, prostitution, gambling (sinful)
Opium and alcohol- depressed
Poor men have no chance of getting rich, gives up hope of getting rich - gambling
Prostitution - safety veil for other women, less sexual crimes
18th amendment wasn’t working - few years later it was abolished
Women’s Suffrage Rights
White women were pissed that black men were given the right to vote
They did not have much of a hierarchy
Chinese Americans’ Lawsuit in California
1885 Tape vs Hurley: school discrimination, schools discriminated people of color to attend school (even though some immigrants had children who lived in America) - won the case
Mamie Tape’s right to admit to the public school in SF with the 14th amendment
Burlingame Treaty between China and US 1868: Equal Privilege on both sides - should treat Chinese equally in US
Some US states did not care about the Burlingame Treaty like California
Chinese did not have right to vote, not considered American citizens
Yick Wo v. Hopkins 1886
SF laundry-licensing board banning wooden building - convert the bulding from wooden building to concrete
Fine: $10
Habeas Corpus - your right to be heard in the court, no power to execute until heard in court
White men were not that interested in laundry since it is feminine work
US vs Wong Kim Ark 1898
Wong Kim Ark - stopped at SF and was not let into US
US passed Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese can’t enter US
Everyone born in US is US citizen
Citizenship Clause of 14th amendment - Wong Kim Ark won the case