LCS TERM 2 MIDTERMS

Lesson 1: Internal and External Factors Affecting Career Planning

PERSONAL FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER CHOICES:

Personality - it is made up of a person’s traits, characteristics, or qualities, as well as patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Interest - According to John Holland’s theory of career planning, people are more satisfied in jobs that are similar to their interests.

  • Realistic – practical, hands on, tools and equipment

  • Investigative – precise, scientific, facts, ideas, theories

  • Artistic – intuitive, expressive, creative, innovative

  • Social – helping others, outgoing, working with people

  • Enterprising – persuade, lead, sell, influence

  • Conventional – well-organized, detail-oriented, accurate, structured


Skills and Abilities

  • SOFT SKILLS – emotional intelligence and personal attributes.

  • HARD SKILLS – teachable and measurable abilities.

Values

  • they’re part of your personal principle that governs your actions.

  • know what matters most to you in life.

Life Experiences - according to Bandura’s social cognitive career theory, we are more likely to consider doing things again after a positive experience surrounding it.

IDENTIFYING PERSONAL SKILLS, INTEREST, & TALENTS:

1. Skills

  • things you can do well

  • learned them through practice


2. Interest 

  • things you enjoy doing


3. Talents 

  • natural abilities

  • excelling without even trying too hard


MATCHING PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES WITH POTENTIAL CAREERS:

 – according to studies, young people who align their personality and values with their career choices show higher motivation and engagement in their work.


FAMILY AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON CAREER CHOICES:

1. Family Roles in Decision-Making

  • it builds a framework for how you make choices by guiding, supporting, encouraging and sometimes by forbidding you.

  • a healthy career decision considers both family input and personal clarity.

2. Cultural Norms

  • it influences how people view success, failure, work, and family obligations.

3. Intergenerational Expectations

  • you may have noticed that older members of your family have strong opinions about which jobs are good to work or not

  • more than 40% of core job skills are expected to change in the next five years due to technological advancement (World Economic Forum 2023).


SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, & ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER PLANNING:

1. Labor Market Demands

  • refers to the number and types of jobs that employers need to fill in a specific period.

  • when a certain skill or profession is in high demand, this usually means more job openings, higher chances of being hired, and often, better pay.

2. Socioeconomic Factor

  • your socioeconomic status can affect how easily you can pursue certain careers.

3. Education and Training Opportunities

  • your access to education and training can open or limit your career options.

SOME OF THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES:

1. TESDA Training Programs (Technical Education and Skills Development Authority) - offers free technical-vocational education and training programs to help learners gain employable skills in a short period of time.

2. SKILLS FUTURE by DICT and COURSERA - offers free online digital skills courses for Filipinos.

3. Health and Caregiver Training Programs - caregiving NC II or Health Care Services training.

4. DOST-SEI Short Term Training and Skills Upgrading - electronics, instrumentation, and innovative leadership.

5. JobStrat Philippines Program (DOLE) - targets 18-24 years old to help them become work-ready through life skills training, technical training, and internship placement.

6. LinkedIn Learning - offers thousands of video-based courses taught by real industry experts.


Geographical and Ecological Factors

  • GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS – location of industries, accessibility of schools or training centers, and opportunities available in rural versus urban areas.

  • ECOLOGICAL FACTORS – state of the environment and how careers adapt to its climate change and environmental challenges.

Peer Influence - you may feel encouraged or pressured to pursue a certain career simply because that’s what everyone else is doing.

Remember: “The people around you can help or distract you in career journey. It’s okay to be influenced, but you have to stay true to you values, interest, and goals.”

 

Lesson 2: Opportunities for Career Planning

CAREER-SPECIFIC ACADEMIC PATHWAYS:

  • Some careers require a specific college degree such as teaching, nursing, engineering, etc. Others may only need certifications or technical-vocational qualifications from institutions such as TESDA.

  • Students who were informed about academic prerequisites and job requirements made more successful transitions from school to employment.


TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS:

  • Hard Skills – you used to do tasks.

  • Soft Skills – help you work well with others and adapt to challenges.

 

LIFELONG LEARNING AND UPSKILLING:

1. Lifelong Learning – continue to grow professionally by learning new or updated skills throughout your career.

2. Upskilling – adding more value to what you already know.

3. Reskilling – learning something new if your job becomes outdated.

 

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES AND SUPPORT SYSTEM:

Available Career Opportunities (Local and Global)

In urban areas in the Philippines such as Metro Manila, Cebu, and Davao, there’s a strong demand in fields.

  • Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) – customer service, virtual assistant, IT support

  • Retail and Sales – cashier, merchandisers

  • Construction – welders, foremen, electricians

  • Health care – caregivers, med tech, nurses

  • Logistics and Transport – warehouse staff, delivery riders, drivers

In rural or provincial areas, the opportunities might look different.

  • Agriculture and Fisheries – farm technicians, agripreneurs, aquaculture specialist

  • Education – teachers and community learning facilitators

  • Tourism and Hospitality – tour guides, hotel staffs, food service workers

The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration regularly publishes job orders for countries.

  • Japan – caregivers, welders, agricultural workers

  • Germany – nurses

  • Canada – nurses, caregivers, welders  

  • Middle East – household service workers, engineers, construction workers

  • Australia & New Zealand – caregivers, mechanic carpenters

 

SCHOLARSHIPS, JOB PLACEMENT, & INTERNSIP:

Scholarships

1. CHED-UniFAST – offers free tuition and allowances for qualified students in public college.

2. DOST-SEI – provides science and engineering scholarships to students who want to pursue STEM courses.

3. TESDA Training for Work Scholarship Program (TWSP) – offers free technical-vocational training with certifications.

4. LGUs – barangay- or city-based scholarships.

Job Placement

These are services that connect you to companies that are hiring, some even guarantee interviews or job offers after training.

1. TESDA’s JobLink Matching

2. Public Employment Service Office (PESO)

3. Private Schools or Training Centers

Internships

They give you a taste of the real world before you fully enter it. Internships can offer you:

1. Build confidence

2. Teach you how to follow workplace rules

3. Help you practice the skills you’ve learned in school.

4. Sometimes it even leads to your first real job.




MAKING INFORMED CAREER DECISIONS (DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORKS):

SWOT ANALYSIS

  • Strength – internal capabilities, competitive advantages, positive factors, internal resources.

  • Weaknesses – internal limitations, disadvantages, negative factors, lack of resources.

  • Opportunities – external chances, growth potential, market trends, positive conditions.

  • Threats – external risks, challenges, competition, market changes.

PROS AND CONS LIST

  • Pros – increased flexibility, cost savings, improved work-life balance, access to a global talent pool, environmental benefits

  • Cons – isolation, communication challenges, distraction at home, security risks, management difficulties


Lesson 3: Workplace for Career Success Considerations

6 Basic Rights of Employee

  1. Fair wage – Receive proper payment for work performed.

  2. Rest days and holidays – Have time to rest and observe holidays.

  3. A safe and healthy work environment – Work in conditions that protect their health and safety.

  4. Job security – Receive protection against unjust or unlawful loss of employment.

  5. Join or form labor unions – Organize with other workers to protect their interests.

  6. Freedom from discrimination – Be treated fairly regardless of relevant personal characteristics.

Types of Compensation

  1. Basic pay - The employee's regular salary or wage.

  2. Overtime pay (OT) - Additional compensation for work beyond eight hours in a day.

  3. Holiday pay - Compensation for work performed during regular holidays.

  4. Premium pay - Additional compensation for work on rest days and special days within regular working hours.

  5. Night shift differential (NSD) - Additional compensation for work between 10 PM and 6 AM.

  6. 13th-month pay - Mandatory benefit equal to one-twelfth of the employee's total basic salary earned during the calendar year.


Important Wage and Compensation Formulas

1. Hourly Rate

  • Daily Wage / 8 hours

2. Overtime Pay

  • Hourly Rate x 1.25 x OT hours

3. Regular Holiday Pay

  • Daily wage x 200%

4. Night-shift Differential

  • Hourly Rate x 0.10 x NSD Hours

5. 13th Month Pay

  • Total basic salary earned for the year / 12

6. Premium Pay

  • Daily Wage x 30%

Minimum wage (NCR, effective July 18, 2025):

  • ₱695 per day – non-agricultural workers.

  • ₱658 per day – agricultural and retail workers.

Important Labor Laws

1. RA 11313 – Safe Spaces Act

  • Protects people from gender-based sexual harassment in public spaces and workplaces.

2. RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWDs

  • Promotes equal opportunities and dignity for persons with disabilities.

3. RA 8187 – Paternity Leave Act

  • Provides paternity leave for eligible fathers.

4. RA 9710 – Magna Carta of Women

  • Protects women's rights and promotes gender equality.

5. RA 11058 – Occupational Safety and Health Standards Law

  • Promotes safe and healthy workplaces.

Rest and Time Off

  • 1 rest day per week after six consecutive days of work.

  • 12 regular holidays every year.

  • 5 days of service incentive leave after one year of service.

  • 7 days of paternity leave under the presentation's discussion of RA 8187.

  • 2 months of leave for female workers who undergo qualifying gynecological surgery, as stated in the presentation's discussion of RA 9710.


Workplace Culture - refers to the values, behaviors, and social norms that influence how employees treat one another and work together.

- A positive workplace culture can help employees feel supported, recognized, and motivated. It may also make them less likely to leave their jobs.

Six Management Styles

  1. Autocratic - the manager makes decisions with little input from others.

  • Advantage - fast decisions and clear structure.

  • Disadvantage - Low morale and limited creativity.

2. Democratic - the manager involves employees in decision-making.

  • Advantage: Builds trust, creativity, and collaboration.

  • Disadvantage: Decisions may take longer.

3. Delegative (Delegative or Laissez-faire) - the manager delegates decisions to skilled team members.

  • Advantage: Encourages autonomy and innovation.

  • Disadvantage: Inexperienced workers may perform poorly with insufficient direction.

4. Transactional - the manager uses rewards and punishments to manage performance.

  • Advantage: Clear expectations and accountability.

  • Disadvantage: May suppress creativity and intrinsic motivation.

5. Transformational - the manager inspires employees through a shared vision and team goals.

  • Advantage: High motivation, performance, and personal growth.

  • Disadvantage: May not suit routine or short-term tasks.

6. Situational - the manager adjusts their style according to the team's readiness and the task.

  • Advantage: Flexible and responsive to circumstances.

  • Disadvantage: Requires an accurate assessment of team needs.