urine 2
Original MCQs Q21–Q42 (22 questions total, directly from your PDF only, no extra added questions)
Q21
Q: Site that is high permeable to water and impermeable to Na+ and Cl- is:
A. Ascending limb thick segment of Henle’ s loop
B. Ascending limb thin segment of Henle’ s loop
C. Descending limb thin segment of of Henle’s loop
D. Descending limb thick segment of of Henle’s loop
E. Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: C. Descending limb thin segment of of Henle’s loop.
Q22
Q: Site that can actively reabsorb Na+, Cl- and K+ but is impermeable to water is:
A. Ascending limb thick segment of Henle’ s loop
B. Ascending limb thin segment of Henle’ s loop
C. Descending limb thin segment of of Henle’s loop
D. Descending limb thick segment of of Henle’s loop
E. Collecting duct
Answer: A. Ascending limb thick segment of Henle’ s loop.
Q23
Q: Site that is high permeable to urea is:
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Cortical segment of collecting duct
C. Outer medullary segment of collecting duct
D. Inner medullary segment of collecting duct
E. Descending limb thin segment of of Henle’s loop
Answer: D. Inner medullary segment of collecting duct.
Q24
Q: Cause of polyuria (quantity of urine increases) in patient with diabetes mellitus mainly is:
A. Glumerular filtration rate increases
B. Colloid osmotic pressure of plasma decreases
C. Osmotic pressure of tubular fluid increases
D. Crystal osmotic pressure of plasma increases
E. Secretion of ADH decreases
Answer: C. Osmotic pressure of tubular fluid increases.
Q25
Q: Location in which Na+ is passively reabsorbed is:
A. The first half of proximal tubule
B. The second half of proximal tubule
C. Ascending limb thick segment of Henle’ s loop
D. Distal convoluted tubule
E. Collecting duct
Answer: B. The second half of proximal tubule.
Q26
Q: Mechanism forming osmolarity gradient in the outer medulla mainly is:
A. NaCl reabsorption in the ascending limb thick segment of Henle’ s loop
B. Urea circulation
C. NaCl reabsorption in the descending limb thin segment of of Henle’s loop
D. NaCl reabsorption in the descending limb thick segment of of Henle’s loop
E. Urea reasorption in the ascending limb thick segment of Henle’ s loop
Answer: A. NaCl reabsorption in the ascending limb thick segment of Henle’ s loop.
Q27
Q: Which of the following descriptions about H+ secretion is wrong?
A. Proximal tubule secretes H+ by H+-Na+ exchange (antiport of H+ and K+)
B. Intercalated cell in distal tubule and collecting duct secretes H+ via proton pump( H+- ATPase)
C. Intercalated cell distal tubule and collecting duct secretes H+ via H+-K+ ATPase
D. When pH value of internal environment lowers, the activity of carbonic anhydrase decreases
E. H+ secretion promotes the reabsorption of HCO3- and the secretion of NH3
Answer: D. When pH value of internal environment lowers, the activity of carbonic anhydrase decreases.
Q28
Q: Which of the following descriptions about NH3 secretion is wrong?
A. NH3 derives mainly from the deamination of glutamine
B. NH3 is a lipid-soluble weak base
C. NH3 diffuses readily from epithelial cell into tubular fluid
D. NH3 secretion inhibits H+ secretion
E. NH3 secretion promote the reabsorption of HCO3
Answer: D. NH3 secretion inhibits H+ secretion.
Q29
Q: Which of the following description about K+ secretion is wrong?
A. K+ in end-urine derives mainly from the secretion of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
B. Principal cells secrete K+
C. Aldosterone promotes K+ secretion
D. Antidiuretic hormone inhibit K+ secretion
E. K+ secretion is a passive transport
Answer: D. Antidiuretic hormone inhibit K+ secretion.
Q30
Q: Location in which the glomerulotubular balance occurs is:
A. Proximal tubule.
B. Descending limb of Henle’s loop.
C. Ascending limb of Henle’s loop.
D. Henle’s loop.
E. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
Answer: A. Proximal tubule.
Q31
Q: Which of the following factors does not concerned with the osmotic diuresis?
A. Increased solute concentration of tubular fluid.
B. Hyperosmotic glucose solution is given intravenously.
C. Mannitol is given intravenously.
D. Diabetes mellitus
E. Diabetes insipidus
Answer: E. Diabetes insipidus.
Q32
Q: Location in which water is regulatory reabsorbed is in:
A. Proximal tubule
B. Descending limb of Henle’s loop
C. Ascending limb of Henle’s loop
D. Henle’s loop
E. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
Answer: E. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
Q33
Q: Normally, hormone regulating the reabsorption of water is:
A. Renin
B. Adrenaline (epinephrine)
C. Angiotensin Ⅱ
D. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
E. Aldosterone
Answer: D. ADH (antidiuretic hormone).
Q34
Q: Normally, the Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion are regulated by:
A. Renin
B. Adrenaline (epinephrine)
C. Angiotensin Ⅱ
D. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
E. Aldosterone
Answer: E. Aldosterone.
Q35
Q: After drinking a large amount of water, the reason for increased quantity of urine is that:
A. Glomerular filtration rate increases
B. Aldosterone secretion decreases
C. ADH secretion decreases
D. Arterial blood pressure rises
E. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreases
Answer: C. ADH secretion decreases.
Q36
Q: After a large amount of sweating, the cause resulting in the decreased quantity of urine is that:
A. Plasma crystal osmotic pressure declines
B. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure elevates
C. ADH secretion increases
D. Aldosterone secretion increases
E. Renal blood flow decreases
Answer: C. ADH secretion increases.
Q37
Q: Main reason for that excitation of sympathetic nerve results in decreasing of urine quantity is:
A. Renal blood flow decreases
B. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure elevate
C. ADH secretion increases
D. Aldosterone secretion decreases
E. Glomerular filtration rate increases
Answer: A. Renal blood flow decreases.
Q38
Q: Location in which urine concentration occurs is:
A. Ascending limb thick segment of Henle’s loop
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Cortical segment of collecting duct
D. Medullary segment of collecting duct
E. Descending limb thin segment of Henle’s loop
Answer: D. Medullary segment of collecting duct.
Q39
Q: Which of followings is not related to (concerned with) the urine dilution?
A. Ascending limb thick segment of Henle’ s loop
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Cortical segment of collecting duct
D. Inner medullary segment of collecting duct
E. Proximal tubule
Answer: E. Proximal tubule.
Q40
Q: Which of followings does not initiate ADH secretion?
A. Dehydration (deficit of water)
B. Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C. Increased plasma crystal osmotic pressure
D. Severe pain
E. A large mount of hemorrhage
Answer: B. Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure.
Q41
Q: Which of the followings does not initiate renin secretion?
A. Reduction of afferent arteriolar transmural pressure
B. Reduction of NaCl flowing through the macula densa
C. Increased sympathetic nerve activity
D. Elevated plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline
E. Decreased intrarenal prostaglandin E2 formation.
Answer: E. Decreased intrarenal prostaglandin E2 formation.
Q42
Q: Which of the followings does not cause aldosterone secretion?
A. Decreased arterial blood pressure
B. Angiotensin Ⅱ
C. Angiotensin Ⅲ
D. Increased plasma Na+ concentration
E. Increased plasma K+ concentration
Answer: D. Increased plasma Na+ concentration.