flashcards

zygote- 2 weeks cell division

embryo- 2 weeks, 2 months inner cells of the zygote

fetus- 9 weeks after conception

teratogen- chemical agent harmful to the fetus or embryo

fetal alcohol spectrum- physical and cognitive in children

habituation- decreasing responsiveness

newborn face preference- newborn look at your face longer than normal

maturation- the orderly sequence of biological growth

enriched environment effect- environmental stimulation that leads to heavier thicker cerebral cortexes

infantile amnesia- to able to recall memories from ages 3 or 4

schema- a concept that organizes and interprets information

assimilation- interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas

accommodation- adapting to the same things to new information

sensorimotor stage- in Piaget’s theory, where 2 year olds see the world through sensory impressions and motor activities

object permanence- things still exist even when they are not how they looked normally by 8 month old

preoperational stage- in piagets theory where 2,6,7 years old and represent things with words and images but are to young to perform mental operatios

egocentrism- the preoperational childs difficulty perceiving thinsg from another perspective

conservation- the principle of mass, volume, and number stay the same despite changes in the forms of objects

concrete operational stage- cognitive development around 7 to 11 years old which gives them the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Formal operational stage- cognitive development startin around age 12 through adulthhood when people begin to think logically

theory of mind- the ability to read and infer the mental states of others

attachment- an emotional tie with another person

stranger anxiety- the fear of strangers that infants commonly display

Critical period- a time early in life where certain stimuli or experiences give typical development

imprinting- process in which certain animals form strong attachments during an dearly life

Temperament- a persons characteristics which are genetically influenced and typically persists throughout life

Basic trust- a sense that the world predictable and trustworthy

Resilience- the ability to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions

Authoritarian parenting- a parenting style where parents impose rules and expect obedience

permissive parenting- an unrestraining parenting style where parents make few demands, few demands, set few limits and use little punishment

neglectful parenting- a parenting style where parents are neither demanding nor responsive

Authoritative parenting- a confrontive parenting style where parents are both demanding and responsive

adolescence- the period from childhood to young adulthood

puberty- the period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

adolescent brain development- the developmental phase where the emotional limbic system matures earlier

preconventional morality- moral reasoning before age 9 that focuses on self interest

conventional morality- upholding laws and social rules to gain approval or maintain social order

postconventional morality- moral reasoning in adolescence and beyond where actions reflect beliefs in basic rights

Moral intuition- quick automatic gut feelings or reactions that guide moral decisions

emerging adulthood- from 18 to mid-twenties bridging adolescents’ dependence and full adult independence

menopause- the time of natural cessation of menstruation in females

neurogenesis- the formation of new neurons in the brain

prospective memory- the ability to remember to perform planned actions or tasks at a future time

terminal decline- a sharp drop in cognitive abilities and memory performance