Audiology Profession Notes

The Profession of Audiology

Audiology emerged from efforts to help hearing-injured WWII veterans.
Before WWII, physicians and hearing aid dealers provided hearing care.
High noise exposure from weaponry led to hearing problems in service personnel.
Otology and speech pathology collaborated in military-based aural rehabilitation centers.
These centers were successful, leading to the establishment of civilian programs.
Speech-language pathologists staffed community centers, using audiometric techniques and rehabilitation procedures from military clinics.
Audiology developed as a distinct profession, separate from medicine, in the U.S.
Outside the U.S., audiologists are often physicians (otologists).
Some countries have strong audiology programs and independent audiologists.
Global audiologists often look to the U.S. model of autonomous practice.
The word "audiology" combines a Latin root (audire - to hear) with a Greek suffix (logos - the study of).
The term was reportedly coined in 1945 by Captain Raymond Carhart and Dr. Norton Canfield, but earlier uses exist (1935 film, 1939 course).
An audiologist is qualified to provide services related to the identification, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of auditory and vestibular impairments, and prevention of associated impairments.

Educational preparation evolved with technology, leading to expanded scope of practice.
Practices include identification, differential diagnosis, and nonmedical treatment of hearing and balance disorders.
The profession shifted from bachelor's level preparation to a master's degree requirement for state licensure.
Raymond Carhart recognized limitations of master's level definition in 1975.
Academic programs transitioned to a professional doctorate (Au.D.).
Au.D. programs involve four years of study beyond a bachelor's degree.
Early years focus on didactic instruction, progressing to clinical practice.
The final year is a full-time clinical placement, usually paid.
Coursework includes hearing and speech science, anatomy and physiology, communication disorders, counseling, electronics, and diagnostic/rehabilitative services.
Programs aim to produce clinicians capable of independent decision-making.

Audiology practice is regulated through license or registration in all U.S. states and D.C.
Regulation ensures minimum educational preparation and continuing study.
A license is a legal requirement for practice, protecting consumers; revocation prohibits practice.
Licensure requires completing a course of study, 2,000 hours of clinical practicum, and passing a national examination.
Certification is not a legal requirement.
ASHA members must hold the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology, demonstrating preparation and continuing education.
American Board of Audiology (ABA) certification is a voluntary commitment to lifelong learning and a higher standard.
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