P3: Thoracic Limb

Elbow Dysplasia

  • Primary Lesion
    • FCP fragmental coronoid process
    • causes irritation in joint space
    • UPA ununited anconial process
    • dark zones
    • unstable joint
    • OCD osteochondritis dissecans
    • subchondral bone in medial epicondyle - problem with cartilage
    • bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies due to lack of blood flow; the bone and cartilage ban break loose, causing pain and affect joint motion
    • Elbow incongruity (INC)

Causes Osteoarthritis

  • degeneration
  • osteophytes in cartilage causing new bone formation
  • Measurements - Grades
    • 0 - no osteophyte formation
    • 1 - less than 2 mm anywhere in the joint
    • 2 - 2-5 mm high
    • 3 - more than 5 mm

Breed Predisposition

  • large breed dogs, which are fast-growing
  • minimum age 12 months for elbow dysplasia examination
  • mediolateral position at an angle of 45, 90, 120 degree
    • anconial process easily seen at ML 45
  • CC with pronation 10-15 degrees
    • olecranon ulnae and medial coronoid process must be at the same level
  • superimposition of condyles
  • touch with cassette
  • film identification
  • central evaluation with the approval of the club
  • classification grade 0, 1, 2, 3

 

 

 

 

 

Congruency of the Joints

  • congruency = symmetry of joint space
  • incongruency = asymmetry of joint space

physis of the anconeal process must be fused by 6 months

Treatment

  • FCP and UAP must have fragments removed by surgery

Classification of Fractures

 Regan-Morrey Classification of Coronoid Fractures

 Salter-Harris Classification of Fractures