Medical Terminology (1)

Medical Terminology Dual Credit Exam Review

Page 1: Introduction

• Overview of medical terminology concepts

Page 2: Digestive System Terms

• Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix.

• Peristalsis: Wavelike movement of food through the digestive tract.

• Hiatal Hernia: Protrusion of the stomach into the esophagus.

• Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

• Jaundice: Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood.

Page 3: Additional Digestive Terms

• Diverticulosis: Abnormal pouches in the intestinal lining.

• Ileus: Loss of peristalsis, leading to intestinal obstruction.

• Hematemesis: Vomiting blood.

• Dysphagia: Painful swallowing.

• Dyspepsia: Painful digestion.

• Herniorrhaphy: Repair of a hernia by stitching.

• Emetic: Substance that promotes vomiting.

Page 4: Urinary System Terms

• Barium Swallow: Radiopaque substance mixed with water for upper GI examination.

• Nephrolithiasis: Kidney stones (renal calculi).

• Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney's filtering unit.

• Oliguria: Scanty urination.

• Polyuria: Excessive urination.

Page 5: Additional Urinary Terms

• Dysuria: Difficult urination.

• Enuresis: Bedwetting, or involuntary urination.

• Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder.

• Hematuria: Blood in the urine.

• Cystoscopy: Visual examination of the urethra and bladder.

• Lithotripsy: Procedure to crush kidney stones.

Page 6: Female Reproductive Terms

• Gravida: Indicates pregnancy.

• Para: Refers to number of births.

• Salpingectomy: Removal of fallopian tubes.

• Ovarian Follicle: Sac in ovary containing the ovum.

• Cervix: Lower part of the uterus.

• Endometriosis: Endometrial tissue outside the uterus.

Page 7: Additional Female Reproductive Terms

• Anovulatory: Lack of ovulation.

• Oophorectomy: Surgical removal of an ovary.

• Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation.

• Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus.

• Placenta Previa: Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening.

Page 8: Male Reproductive Terms

• Cryptorchism: Congenital undescended testicles.

• Vasectomy: Removal of part of the vas deferens.

• Androgen: Male hormone.

• Aspermia: Condition of no sperm.

Page 9: Additional Male Reproductive Terms

• Orchiectomy: Removal of testes (castration).

• Orchiopexy: Fixation of undescended testes.

• Azoospermia: Absence of sperm in semen.

• Prostatic Hyperplasia: Abnormal growth in prostatic tissue.

Page 10: Nervous System Terms

• CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid circulating around the brain and spinal cord.

• Analgesia: Inability to feel pain.

• Subdural Hematoma: Blood collection between dura and arachnoid membranes.

• Paresthesia: Abnormal sensations (e.g., tingling).

• Ataxia: Lack of coordination.

Page 11: Additional Nervous System Terms

• Multiple Sclerosis: Destruction of the myelin sheath in CNS.

• Cephalgia: Headache.

• Aphasia: Difficulty in speaking.

• Anesthesia: Lack of normal sensation.

• Causalgia: Burning nerve pain.

Page 12: Cardiovascular Terms

• SA Node: Heart's pacemaker.

• Bradycardia: Slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm).

• Infarction: Dead tissue mass in heart (heart attack).

• Aneurysm: Abnormal dilation of arterial wall.

• Heart Block: Improper conduction through heart.

Page 13: Additional Cardiovascular Terms

• Angiogram: X-ray after contrast material injection.

• Atherosclerosis: Plaque deposits in arterial lining.

• Ischemia: Reduced blood supply to tissues.

• Endocarditis: Inflammation of heart's inner lining.

• Fibrillation: Irregular heartbeat.

Page 14: Respiratory Terms

• Cyanosis: Blue skin color due to low oxygen.

• Bronchiole: Small branches of bronchi.

• Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx.

• Lobectomy: Removal of lung section.

• Orthopnea: Easier breathing while upright.

• Expectoration: Clearing respiratory tract by coughing.

Page 15: Additional Respiratory Terms

• Pneumothorax: Air in the pleural cavity.

• Atelectasis: Collapsed lung.

• Sputum: Material expelled from respiratory tract.

• Asphyxia: Lack of pulse.

• Auscultation: Listening to internal body sounds.

Page 16: Blood Terms

• Anisocytosis: Cells of unequal size.

• Hemolysis: Destruction of red blood cells.

• Leukemia: Increase in cancerous white blood cells.

• Anticoagulant: Blood thinner preventing clotting.

• Hematocrit: Percentage of red blood cells.

Page 17: Additional Blood Terms

• Hypochromic: Decreased color in blood cells.

• Plasmapheresis: Removal of plasma from blood.

• Microcytosis: Smaller than normal erythrocytes.

• Hemophilia: Excessive bleeding due to clotting factor absence.

• Hematoma: Collection of blood outside blood vessels.

Page 18: Lymphatic and Immune Terms

• Thymoma: Tumor of the thymus gland.

• Lymphadenitis: Inflammation of lymph nodes.

• Mononucleosis: Disease transmitted by Epstein-Barr virus.

• Opportunistic Infection: Illnesses linked to AIDS.

• Splenomegaly: Enlarged spleen.

Page 19: Musculoskeletal Terms

• Scoliosis: Abnormal spine curvature.

• Laminectomy: Removal of lamina to relieve spinal pressure.

• Osteomalacia: Softening of bones due to Vitamin D deficiency.

• Osteoporosis: Decreased bone mass.

• Osteomyelitis: Bone and marrow inflammation.

Page 20: Additional Musculoskeletal Terms

• Ankylosis: Stiffness in joints.

• Bursitis: Inflammation of bursa.

• Tenorrhaphy: Suturing of a tendon.

• Arthroplasty: Surgical joint repair or replacement.

• Myalgia: Muscle pain.

• Atrophy: Decrease in tissue size.

Page 21: More Musculoskeletal Terms

• Hypertrophy: Excessive growth.

• Muscular Dystrophy: Group of inherited muscle diseases.

• Myasthenia Gravis: Muscle weakness due to nerve transmission failure.

• Myocardial: Related to heart muscle.

Page 22: Skin Terms

• Subungual: Under the nail.

• Albinism: Absence of pigment.

• Alopecia: Hair loss.

• Xeroderma: Dry skin condition.

• Ichthyosis: Hereditary dry, scaly skin.

• Erythema: Redness of skin.

Page 23: Additional Skin Terms

• Diaphoresis: Profuse sweating.

• Mycosis: Fungal skin condition.

• Decubitus Ulcer: Bedsore.

• Pruritus: Itching.

• Melanoma: Malignant skin tumor.

Page 24: Sensory Terms

• Myringitis: Inflammation of the eardrum.

• Otopyorrhea: Pus from the ear.

• Glaucoma: Increased eye pressure.

• Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of conjunctiva (pinkeye).

• Anisocoria: Unequal pupil size.

• Xerophthalmia: Dry eyes.

Page 25: More Sensory Terms

• Hemianopsia: Vision loss in half the visual field.

• Presbyopia: Age-related vision loss.

• Amblyopia: Lazy eye condition leading to partial vision loss.

Page 26: Endocrine Terms

• Pituitary Gland: Secretes growth hormone.

• Adrenal Glands: Secrete corticosteroids and epinephrine.

• Thyroid Gland: Regulates metabolism via hormones.

• Pancreas: Produces insulin.

• Euthyroid: Normal thyroid function.

• Homeostasis: Maintaining equilibrium in the body.

Page 27: Additional Endocrine Terms

• Adenectomy: Removal of a gland.

• Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar levels.

• Hirsutism: Excess hair growth.

• Acromegaly: Overproduction of growth hormone.

Page 28: Cancer Medicine (Oncology) Terms

• Metastasis: Spread of cancer to remote sites.

• Radioresistant: Tumors surviving high radiation doses.

• Radiosensitive: Tumors easily treated with radiation.

• Neoplasm: New tissue growth.

• In Situ: Cancer in its original place.

• Carcinogen: Cancer-causing agents.

Page 29: Additional Oncology Terms

• Carcinoma: Tumors of epithelial tissue.

• Mutation: Alteration in DNA.

• Dysplastic: Abnormal tissue formation.

• Osteosarcoma: Bone cancer.

• Chemotherapy: Cancer treatment using drugs.

Page 30: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Terms

• Computed Tomography (CT Scan): X-ray for cross-sectional body images.

• Fluoroscopy: Real-time imaging using X-rays.

• Sonogram: Imaging using sound waves.

• Pyelogram: Imaging of the renal pelvis.

Page 31: Additional Radiology Terms

• Hysterosalpingogram: Imaging of the uterus and tubes.

• Radiolucent: Structures that appear black on X-ray.

• Radiopaque: Structures that appear white on X-ray.

Page 32: Prefixes

• Meta: Change

• Anti: Against

• Inter: Between

• Dys: Bad, difficult

• Dia: Complete

• Poly: Many

Page 33: Additional Prefixes

• Pan: All

• Hypo: Less than normal

• Hyper: Excessive

• A, An: No, not

• Neo: New

• De: Down, lack of

Page 34: More Prefixes

• Tachy: Fast

• Brady: Slow

• Ante: Before

• Bi: Two

• Ana: Up

• Auto: Self

Page 35: Additional Prefixes

• Pro: Before

• Endo: Inside, within

• Mal: Bad

• Syn: Together

• Sub: Under

• Ad: Toward

Page 36: More Prefixes

• Epi: Above, upon

• In: Inside

• Post: After

• Trans: Through, across

• Ultra: Beyond

• Ect/o: Outside

Page 37: Disease and Body Terms

• Path/o: Disease

• Cyst: Urinary bladder

• Hemat/o: Blood

• Gastr/o: Stomach

• Py/o: Pus

• Derm/o: Skin

Page 38: Additional Terms

• Orth/o: Straight

• Eu: Good, normal

• Acro: Extremities

• Lith: Stone

Page 39: Suffixes

• -ist: Specialist

• -logy: Study of

• -penia: Deficiency

• -osis: Condition

• -emia: Blood condition

• -oma: Tumor

Page 40: More Suffixes

• -pathy: Disease

• -megaly: Enlargement

• -malacia: Softness

• -tomy: Cutting procedure

• -ectomy: Removal

• -scopy: Examination process

Page 41: Additional Suffixes

• -stomy: Forming an opening

• -plasia: Growth

• -cyte: Cell

• -centesis: Fluid removal puncture

• -trophy: Development

• -itis: Inflammation

Page 42: More Suffixes

• -uria: Urine condition

• -cele: Hernia

• -sclerosis: Hardening

• -pnea: Breathing condition

• -rrhea: Flow or discharge

• -plasty: Surgical repair

Page 43: Additional Suffixes

• -algia: Pain

• -lysis: Destruction

• -dynia: Pain

• -ptosis: Drooping

• -opsy: Viewing

Page 44: Final Suffixes

• -stasis: Stopping

• -graph: Recording instrument

• -pexy: Fixation

• -ole: Small size

• -pheresis: Removal of substance.