Lab Exam 1

Epithelial Tissues

• Simple Squamous

  
  
  

  • Functions: Rapid diffusion, filtration, and secretion of lubricating substances.

    
    

  • Locations: Lung alveoli, kidney glomeruli, lining of heart and blood vessels (endothelium), lining of ventral body cavities (mesothelium).

    
    

• Simple Cuboidal

  
  
  

  • Functions: Secretion and absorption.

    
    

  • Locations: Kidney tubules, ducts of small glands, surface of ovaries.

    
    

• Simple Columnar

  
  
  

  • Functions: Absorption, secretion of mucus and enzymes; ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells.

    
    

  • Locations: Non-ciliated type lines digestive tract (stomach to anal canal) and gallbladder; ciliated type lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and regions of the uterus.

    
    

• Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

  
  
  

  • Functions: Secretion of mucus; ciliary movement propels mucus and trapped debris out of airways.

    
    

  • Locations: Trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract.

    
    

• Stratified Squamous

  
  
  

  • Functions: Protects underlying tissues from abrasion, pathogens, and chemical attack.

    
    

  • Locations: Keratinized type forms epidermis of skin; non-keratinized type lines esophagus, mouth, vagina, and cornea.

    
    

• Stratified Cuboidal

  
  
  

  • Functions: Protection, secretion, and duct structural support.

    
    

  • Locations: Ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.

    
    

Connective Tissues

• Hyaline Cartilage

  
  
  

  • Functions: Supports and reinforces structures, provides flexible cushioning, reduces joint friction.

    
    

  • Locations: Costal cartilages (ribs to sternum), nose, trachea, larynx, ends of long bones in joint cavities.

    
    

• Elastic Cartilage

  
  
  

  • Functions: Maintains shape and structure while allowing great flexibility.

    
    

  • Locations: External ear (pinna), epiglottis.

    
    

• Fibrocartilage

  
  
  

  • Functions: Tensile strength with ability to absorb compressive shock.

    
    

  • Locations: Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint (menisci).

    
    

• Loose Fibrous (Areolar) Connective Tissue

  
  
  

  • Functions: Wraps and cushions organs, holds tissue fluid, plays a key role in inflammation and immune defense.

    
    

  • Locations: Widely distributed under epithelia (forms lamina propria), packages organs, surrounds capillaries.

    
    

• Dense "White" Fibrous (Dense Regular) Connective Tissue

  
  
  

  • Functions: Attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles, attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulled in one direction.

    
    

  • Locations: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses.

    
    

• Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

  
  
  

  • Functions: Withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength.

    
    

  • Locations: Fibrous capsules of organs and joints, dermis of the skin, submucosa of digestive tract.

    
    

• Reticular Connective Tissue

  
  
  

  • Functions: Forms a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells and mast cells.

    
    

  • Locations: Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow.

    
    

• Adipose

  
  
  

  • Functions: Reserves food fuel, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs.

    
    

  • Locations: Under skin in subcutaneous tissue, around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, in breasts.

    
    

• Bone (Compact)

  
  
  

  • Functions: Supports and protects body structures, provides levers for muscles, stores calcium and minerals, houses red bone marrow for blood cell formation.

    
    

  • Locations: External layer of all bones (skeleton).

    
    

• Blood Smear (Fluid Connective Tissue)

  
  
  

  • Functions: Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and defense cells throughout the body.

    
    

  • Locations: Contained within blood vessels and the heart.