place vocab
Channel length: The total number of channel members in a channel of distribution
Channel management: Processes by which marketers ensure that products are distributed to customers efficiently and effectively
Channel members: Businesses or individuals who assist in moving goods and services from the producer to the consumer
Channels of distribution: Paths, or routes, that goods or services take from the producer to the ultimate consumer or industrial user
Chargeback: A financial penalty a middleman assesses to a producer for a variety of issues, such as receiving damaged merchandise
Direct distribution: A channel of distribution in which goods and services move directly from the producer to the consumer or industrial user
Distribution intensity: The level of market exposure a certain distribution pattern achieves (refers to intensive, selective, and exclusive patterns)
Dual distribution: Distributing a product through two different channels
E-commerce: The buying and selling of goods using computers
Exclusive distribution: A distribution pattern in which a producer sells a product through just one middleman in a geographic area
Final consumer: An individual who purchases goods and services for their own personal use; also known as an ultimate consumer
Financing: A marketing function that determines the need for and availability of financial resources to aid in marketing activities
Horizontal conflict: A type of channel conflict that occurs between channel members at the same level (e.g., two retailers)
Ideal market exposure: Ensuring that a product is available to the target market without overdistributing the product
Incentive: A reward that motivates a channel member to achieve a specific goal
Indirect distribution: A channel of distribution in which goods and services move from the producer to the channel members and then to consumers or industrial users
Industrial user: A business that buys materials, services, or goods which will be used to make other goods or which will be used in the operation of the company
Intensive distribution: A distribution pattern in which a producer sells a product through every available wholesaler and retailer in a geographic area where consumers might look for it
Intermediaries: Channel members operating between the producer and the consumer or industrial user to help in the movement of goods and services
Market research: The systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data about a specific issue, situation, or concern that affects a market
Marketing information: All the marketing-related data available from inside and outside the business
Middlemen: See intermediaries
Multiple distribution: Distributing a product through many different channels
Point of sale: Store or other locations where products are sold to the final consumer
Producers: The people who make or provide goods and services
Product: Marketing element referring to what goods, services, or ideas a business will offer its customers
Promotion: A marketing function needed to communicate information about goods, services, images, and/or ideas to achieve a desired outcome
Retailers: Businesses that buy consumer goods or services and sell them to ultimate consumers
Risk: The possibility of loss or failure
Sanctions: Financial penalties or fines
Selective distribution: A distribution pattern in which a producer sells a product through a limited number of middlemen in a geographic area
Target market: The particular group of customers a business seeks to attract
Transportation: The act of moving anything from one place to another or the method by which it is moved (e.g., rail carriers, motor carriers, water carriers, pipelines, and air carriers)
Ultimate consumers: People who personally use a good or service to satisfy their own wants; also known as final consumers
Value: The amount of satisfaction a good or service will provide a customer
Vertical conflict: A type of channel conflict that occurs between channel members at different levels within the same channel
Wholesalers: Intermediaries who help move goods between producers and retailers by buying goods from producers and selling them to retailers