Contraceptive Methods

• Birth Control Pill
  • Medication taken daily to prevent pregnancy.
  • Two types:
  • Combined Pills: Contains estrogen and progestin. Prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus.
    • Perfect Use: >99% effective.
    • Typical Use: ~91% effective.
  • Progestin-Only Pills (Mini-Pills): Contains only progestin.
    • Perfect Use: 99% effective.
    • Typical Use: ~91% effective.
  • Important to take pills every day as directed.

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

• Small T-shaped device placed in the uterus by a healthcare provider.
• Long-acting and reversible, effective for 3-10 years.
• Types of IUDs may contain hormones.
  • Effectiveness: >99% effective.
  • Cons: Irregular bleeding, requires healthcare provider for insertion/removal, does not protect against STIs.

Floral Structures

• Four Whorls of a Flower:
  • Calyx: Protects the bud (made of sepals).
  • Corolla: Attracts pollinators (made of petals).
  • Stamen: Male reproductive part (includes filament and anther for pollen).
  • Pistil: Female reproductive part (includes stigma, style, ovary).
• Process of pollination and fertilization leads to seed formation.

Cell Organelles

• Cell Membrane: Regulates movement in/out of the cell.
• Cell Wall: Provides support and rigidity.
• Cytoplasm: Supports organelles.
• Nucleus: Control center, houses genetic information.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Site of protein and lipid synthesis.
• Ribosomes: Protein synthesis.
• Vacuole: Storage for materials.
• Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
• Mitochondria: Converts food to cellular energy (ATP).