Human Geography Flashcards

Maps: Different types include choropleth, topographic, graduated symbol, political, cartogram, dot-density, and physical.
Spatial Patterns: Clustered, linear, dispersed, circular, geometric, random.
Geographic Data: GIS, remote sensing, landscape analysis, smartphone apps, aerial photography, spatial data, GPS.
Spatial Concepts: Built environment, sense of place, renewable energy, environmental determinism, distance decay, location (site/situation), non-renewable resources, possibilism, spatial interaction, toponym.
Scales of Analysis: Global, world regional, national, national regional, local.
Regions: Formal, functional, vernacular.

Population Distribution: Pattern of human settlement.
Population Density: Arithmetic, physiological, agricultural.
Carrying Capacity: Number of people a region can support.
Population Pyramids: Age ranges, sex, dependents, economically active.
Population Dynamics: Crude birth/death rate, total fertility rate, rate of natural increase.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM): Stages and characteristics.
Malthusian Theory: Population growth vs. food production.
Population Policies: Antinatalist, pronatalist.
Migration: Voluntary, forced, internal, international; push and pull factors.

Culture: Cultural hearth, diffusion, traditional/folk/pop culture.
Cultural Realms: Anglo American, Latin American, European, Islamic, Indian, Sub-Saharan Africa, Slavic, Sino-Japanese, Austral European, Southeast Asia.
Cultural Landscapes: Impact of built environment.
Religion: Major religions and their characteristics.
Cultural Patterns: Ethnic/religious groups in US regions.
Centripetal/Centrifugal Forces: Factors that unify or divide.
Diffusion Types: Expansion (contagious, hierarchical, stimulus), relocation.
Diffusion Causes: Imperialism, colonialism, social media.
Cultural Convergence/Divergence: Becoming similar or distinct.
Religion and Language Diffusion: Ethnic vs. universalizing religions.
Assimilation, Nativism, Syncretism, Acculturation, Multiculturalism: Cultural changes and interactions.

Political Geography: Nation-state, multi-national state, autonomous/semi-autonomous region, stateless nation, multi-state nation.
Political Processes: Impact of colonialism, Cold War, Soviet Union collapse.
Territoriality: Defending claimed space.
Boundaries: Defined, delimited, demarcated; antecedent, subsequent, superimposed, relic.
Internal Boundaries: Voting districts, redistricting, gerrymandering.
Governance: Federal vs. unitary states.
Devolutionary Factors: Ethnic separatism, terrorism, irredentism.
Supranational Organizations: UN, EU, NATO, ASEAN, etc.
Centrifugal & Centripetal Forces: Factors influencing unity and division.

Agriculture: Subsistence vs. commercial; intensive vs. extensive.
Agricultural Regions: Practices, climates, locations.
Settlement Patterns: Township & range, metes & bounds, long-lot.
First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution: Domestication of plants and animals.
Second Agricultural Revolution: Advancements and effects.
Green Revolution: Seed hybridization, impacts.
Agricultural Production: Factor farming, multicropping, monocropping, feedlots.
Von Thunen Model: Spatial organization of agriculture.
Global System: Neocolonialism, fair trade, government subsidies.
Consequences: Slash-and-burn, terrace farming, desertification, deforestation, salinization, pollution.
Challenges: Environmental issues, food insecurity.
Women in Agriculture: Obstacles faced.

Cities: Definition and features.
World Cities: Influence beyond national boundaries
Urban Structure: Suburbanization, megacities, nodal cities, boomburbs, metacity, edge cities, megalopolis.
Urban Size: Rank-size rule, primate city, gravity model, Central Place theory.
Urban Models: Concentric zone, sector, multiple nuclei, peripheral, Latin American, Southeast Asian, African city models.

Industrial Revolution: Locations and impacts.
Economic Sectors: Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary.
Weber’s Least Cost Theory: Location triangle.
Measures of Development: GII, GDP, GNI, HDI.
Theories of Development: Rostow's stages of growth, Wallerstein's world system theory.