Lecture Notes on Thinking Tools: Matrices and PMI Charts

Thinking Tools

1. Introduction to Matrices

  • Definition of a Matrix:
      - A matrix is recognized as a very useful thinking tool that assists in identifying both similarities and differences between various topics.
      - Matrices may also be referred to as tables, grids, or decision charts.

2. Comparison of Matrices and PMI Charts

  • Plus, Minus, Interesting Chart (PMI):
      - A PMI chart serves to scrutinize key features of a topic, aiding in decision-making.
      - The PMI chart categorizes aspects into three sections:
        - Positive aspects (Plus)
        - Negative aspects (Minus)
        - Interesting aspects
      - While similar in functionality, matrices offer wider applications beyond just the PMI categories.

Visual Aids

  • Figure References:
      - Figure 7.32: Illustrates a matrix.
      - Figure 7.33: Demonstrates a PMI chart.

3. Creating a Matrix

Steps to Create a Matrix:

  1. Label Topics: Write the topics to be compared in the left-hand column of the matrix.

  2. Label Characteristics: List the characteristics for comparison along the top row of the matrix.

  3. Mark Applicability: For each characteristic that applies to the corresponding topic, place a tick in the appropriate cell within the matrix.

  4. Interpretation: The completed matrix visually represents the relationships among the various topics.

Example Matrix

  • Figure 7.34:
      - Depicts a matrix comparing the energy types utilized by different devices:
        - Object or Device:
          - Torch
          - Portable stove
          - Instant icepack
        - Types of Energy:
          - Light Energy
          - Thermal Energy
          - Electrical Energy

4. Activities Using Matrices and PMI Charts

7.7 Activities:

  1. Activity 1: Completing a Matrix
       - Related Chemical Processes:
         - Combustion
         - Decomposition
         - Neutralisation
         - Synthesis
       - Statements to Analyze:
         - Chemical bonds are always broken.
         - New chemical bonds are formed.
         - The number of reactants equals the number of products.
         - The number of atoms in the reactants equals the number of atoms in the product.
         - A salt is always produced.
         - A salt is produced if a metal is a reactant.
         - Water is always produced.
         - A new substance is produced.
         - One reactant is always an acid.
         - One reactant is always an element.
         - One product is most likely an element.

  2. Activity 2: Create a PMI Chart
       - Topics for PMI Chart Creation:
         - The use of fossil fuels
         - The extraction of elements
       - Instructions: Develop a PMI chart incorporating positive, negative, and interesting points about the chosen topic.

  3. Activity 3: Create a Green Chemistry PMI Chart
       - Focus Topic: Producing ammonia
       - Starting Point: Use the provided diagram as a basis for constructing the PMI chart.

5. Additional Q&A Activities

  • Questions:
      - Q1
      - Q2
      - Q3
      - Note: Further information on solutions and sample responses is accessible in digital formats.