test de espanol

Question 1

Q: From the passage, one may infer that Calvin asserted that

The covenant of life not being equally preached to all, and among those to whom it is preached not always finding the same reception, this diversity discovers the wonderful depth of the Divine judgment. Nor is it to be doubted that this variety also follows, subject to the decision of God’s eternal election. If it be evidently the result of the Divine will, that salvation is freely offered to some, and others are prevented from attaining it—this immediately gives rise to important and difficult questions, which are incapable of any other explication, than by the establishment of pious minds in what ought to be received concerning election and predestination . . . that . . . some should be predestined to salvation, and others to destruction . . . His eternal election, which illustrates the grace of God by this comparison, that He adopts not all promiscuously to the hope of salvation, but gives to some what He refuses to others . . .

We affirm that this counsel, as far as concerns the elect, is founded on his gratuitous mercy, totally irrespective of human merit; but that to those whom he devotes to condemnation, the gate of life is closed by a just and irreprehensible, but incomprehensible, judgment. In the elect, we consider calling as an evidence of election, and justification as another token of its manifestation, till they arrive in glory, which constitutes its completion. As God seals his elect by vocation and justification, so by excluding the reprobate from the knowledge of his name and the sanctification of his Spirit, he affords an indication of the judgment that awaits them.

John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1536

a. one can “elect” to be saved or refuse to be saved

b. God does not offer salvation to everyone

c. man is incapable of understanding salvation

d. only Protestants are saved

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Question 2

Q: From the passage, one may infer that Calvin asserted that the fact that some souls are predestined to eternal condemnation is

John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1536

a. open to interpretation

b. not open to human understanding

c. due to sins committed in a previous life

d. due to sins committed by those souls on earth

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Question 3

Q: From the passage, one may infer that Calvin asserted that

John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1536

a. finding a “calling” or vocation offers consolation to the damned

b. finding a “calling” or vocation earns one salvation

c. finding a “calling” or vocation is evidence that one is predestined to salvation

d. finding a “calling” or vocation can save the previously damned

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Question 4

Q: Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

“I traveled to Montpellier (in southern France) and associated there with several Protestants who have close contacts with Spain in order to learn if they ship books to Spain or know any heretics there. In order to gather this information . . . I pretended to be a heretic myself and proposed to take some books, such as the works of John Calvin and Theodore Beza, to Spain . . . A bookseller and a merchant volunteered to bring the books secretly to Barcelona to the home of one of their friends who was, as they said, of their faith. A thousand deceptions were necessary to gather this information . . . I learned the names of all (Protestants) from the merchant, for he told me that they were of his religion. I am staying here . . . in the service of God and Your Majesty.”

Reported by an agent of the Spanish Inquisition to King Philip II, 1566

a. The Spanish government was producing religious treatises for the Catholic Reformation and sending them abroad.

b. Owning and reading Protestant religious literature was illegal in Spain

c. The Spanish government used agents of the Inquisition as ambassadors to neighboring countries.

d. Barcelona was the center of Protestant activity in Spain.

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Question 5

Q: The events described in the passage best illustrate which of the following aspects of the religious conflicts in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Reported by an agent of the Spanish Inquisition to King Philip II, 1566

a. Despite doctrinal differences, Catholics and Protestants continued to live amicably together in many regions of Europe.

b. Protestants made effective use of the increased availability of printing technology to spread their ideas.

c. The spread of Protestant ideas in France had already resulted in the French monarchs adopting a policy of religious toleration.

d. Catholics responded to the challenge of the Protestant Reformation by creating new religious orders to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church.

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Question 6

Q: How did Philip II’s religious policies illustrated in the passage compare to the policies pursued by other fifteenth-and sixteenth-century European monarchs?

Reported by an agent of the Spanish Inquisition to King Philip II, 1566

a. Philip’s policies enforcing religious uniformity were similar to the policies of other Habsburg rulers but different from the policies of most other ruling dynasties.

b. Philip’s policies controlling religious beliefs and practices were similar to the policies of most other monarchs at the time.

c. Philip’s policies were unique among European monarchs because Philip strongly supported Catholicism.

d. Philip’s policies were unusual among European monarchs because he did not proclaim himself the head of a national church.

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Question 7

Q:Why did many French nobles adopt Calvinism in the mid 16 th century?

Edict of Nantes - Articles III, VI, and VII, 1598

We have, by this perpetual and irrevocable edict, established and proclaimed and do establish and proclaim:

III. We ordain that the Catholic Apostolic and Roman religion shall be restored and re-established in all places and localities of this our kingdom and countries subject to our sway, where the exercise of the same has been interrupted, in order that it may be peaceably and freely exercised, without any trouble or hindrance; forbidding very expressly all persons, of whatsoever estate, quality, or condition, from troubling, molesting, or disturbing ecclesiastics in the celebration of divine service, in the enjoyment or collection of tithes, fruits, or revenues of their benefices, and all other rights and dues belonging to them; and that all those who during the troubles have taken possession of churches, houses, goods or revenues, belonging to the said ecclesiastics, shall surrender to them entire possession and peaceable enjoyment of such rights, liberties, and sureties as they had before they were deprived of them....

VI. And in order to leave no occasion for troubles or differences between our subjects, we have permitted, and herewith permit, those of the said religion called Reformed to live and abide in all the cities and places of this our kingdom and countries of our sway, without being annoyed, molested, or compelled to do anything in the matter of religion contrary to their consciences, ... upon condition that they comport themselves in other respects according to that which is contained in this our present edict.

VII. It is permitted to all lords, gentlemen, and other persons making profession of the said religion called Reformed, holding the right of high justice [or a certain feudal tenure], to exercise the said religion in their houses....

a. Adopting Calvinism ended the large surge of Lutheranism that was sweeping through France

b. Adopting Calvinism decreased the religious tension that was growing in France

c. Adopting Calvinism was a way to gain further independence from a centralized French national government

d. Adopting Calvinism endeared the nobles to the French monarch

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Question 8

Q:What was the purpose of the Edict of Nantes?

Edict of Nantes - Articles III, VI, and VII, 1598

We have, by this perpetual and irrevocable edict, established and proclaimed and do establish and proclaim:

a. Bringing an end to the Lutheran movement in France

b. Bringing an end to the French religious wars

c. Bringing an end to the monarchical control of the Catholic Church in France

d. Bringing an end to the Calvinist movement in France

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Question 1

The Reformation survived and prospered because …

a. the Pope failed to respond to Luther's ideas

b. German princes wanted independence from the Holy Roman Emperor.

c. of the unity of Protestant leaders

d. German peasants were content with their lot (position in society)

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Question 2

Which of the following resulted from the English Reformation?

a. establishment of the English monarch as head of the Church of England.

b. the pope's naming of Henry VIII as "Defender of the Faith"

c. papal recognition of the English Church as independent, but still affiliated with Rome.

d. immediate wholesale persecution of Catholics in England.

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Question 3

Queen Elizabeth I of England

a. gave increased power to Parliament

b. radicalized the Protestant Reformation

c. restored Catholic monasteries

d. organized the defeat of the Spanish Armada.

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Question 4

Elizabeth I of England and her contemporary, Henry IV of France, have been called politiques because they believed that

a. religion was the most important part of politics.

b. doctrinal unity was necessary to political unity.

c. religious questions were as important as political questions.

d. theological controversy should be secondary to political unity.

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Question 5

Among the corrupt practices in the Roman Catholic Church that weakened its moral authority during the Middle Ages were all the following EXCEPT

a. pluralism

b. celebration of the Eucharist

c. immorality of the clergy

d. simony

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Question 6

The Peace of Augsburg (1555) left unresolved which issue?

a. the Italian frontier with Switzerland

b. the place of Calvinism in the religious settlement

c. the border divisions of Scandinavia

d. the restoration of Catholicism in France

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Question 7

The Peace of Augsburg (1555) represented the end of Charles V's hope to

a. regain his title as Holy Roman Emperor

b. force Henry VIII to marry his sister

c. defeat the Turks in Hungary

d. restore Catholicism in all parts of Germany

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Question 8

"Christians should be taught that, if the Pope knew the exactions of the preachers of Indulgences, he would rather have the basilica of St. Peter reduced to ashes than built with the skin, flesh and bones of his sheep."

This passage was contained in which of the following?

a. Thomas More's Utopia

b. Erasmus' In Praise of Folly

c. Luther's "95 Theses"

d. Loyola's Spiritual Exercises

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Question 9

Which pair would have been the most awkward companions as dinner guests?

(Think cringy, oil & water, Trump and Harris sharing a table for two)

a. Philip II of Spain and Charles V of HRE

b. John Knox and John Calvin

c. Catherine de Medici and Elizabeth I

d. Pope Leo X and Ignatius Loyola

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Question 10

All of the following religious movements challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church EXCEPT

a. Huguenots

b. Anabaptists

c. Lollards

d. Jesuits

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Question 11

Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists agreed on ALL the following EXCEPT

a. active persecution of those who did not share their beliefs

b. a general belief in the sinful nature of human beings

c. refusal to permit women to take a more active role in religious life

d. belief in transubstantiation during the Eucharist

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Question 12

Calvinism became an influential force in all of the following countries EXCEPT

a. Spain

b. Scotland

c. France

d. the Netherlands

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Question 13

Luther's ideas and the spirit of the Reformation were spread by all the following EXCEPT

a. translations of the Bible into vernacular

b. woodcuts and illustrations

c. writing circulated as a result of the printing press

d. reformers appearing before the Pope in person

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Question 14

In the sixteenth century, all of the following had religious conflicts EXCEPT

a. France

b. England

c. Russia

d. the German states

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Question 15

In response to the Protestant Reformation the Catholic Counter-Reformation included all of the following EXCEPT

a. the removal of a papal policy that had created an Index of Prohibited Books

b. the establishment of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit order)

c. the founding of women's orders active in education and care of the sick

d. the convening of the Council of Trent

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Question 16

Of the following, which setting provided unmarried women in pre-industrial Europe with the greatest opportunity to exercise their literary, artistic, and administrative talents?

a. guilds

b. banking houses

c. convents

d. universities

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Question 17

Salvation by faith alone, the ministry of all believers, and the authority of the Bible are principles basic to

a. Catholicism after the Council of Trent

b. the Christian humanism of Erasmus

c. Lutheranism in the early sixteenth century

d. Middle Ages Roman Catholic Church

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Question 18

The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was the major body through which

a. Spain strengthened its position against the Turks.

b. the Roman Catholic church reformed itself

c. Calvinists and Catholics were reconciled.

d. European states entered into economic cooperation.

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Question 19

The House of Guise was predominately...

a. Anabaptist

b. Catholic

c. Huguenot

d. Lutheran

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Question 20

Match the leader to their religion of choice. Some may be used more than once.

1. Edward VI - a. Anglican

2. Mary I - b. Catholic

3. Charles V - b. Catholic

4. John Knox - c. Presbyterian

5. Henry VIII early in his life - b. Catholic

6. Henry IV early in his life - d. Huguenot

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Question 21

These woodcuts illustrate the contrast between

a. Calvinism versus Zwinglianism

b. capitalism as opposed to mercantilism

c. corporal punishment vs. fines

d. biblical morality and papal indulgence

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Question 22

Ignatius Loyola is noted for all of the following EXCEPT

a. urged ecumenical (Unity of the Christian world) of all Protestant sects as equals

b. founded the Jesuit order

c. extreme Catholic orthodoxy

d. believed in a military style leadership for his religious order

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Question 23

"We...take it for granted that you will release us from serfdom as true Christians, unless it should be shown to us from the Gospel that we are serfs." This statement was written by

a. English peasants under Henry VIII

b. French peasants in 1789

c. German peasants in the early 1520s

d. conquered Aztecs in Mexico

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Question 24

The Edict of Nantes in 1598 did which of the following?

a. created a French church separated from papal authority.

b. ended the War of the Spanish Succession.

c. ensured Anglo-French cooperation throughout the seventeenth century.

d. proclaimed the toleration of Calvinism.