Feeds and Feeding Note Study
Feeds Exam study
Swine
gestation→ lactation→ breeding)
finishing ← grower ← nursery
•BOAR: [gestation diet] soy/grain
•Piglets = colostrum, creep & weaning
•Nursery = weaning→50lbs several rations, dependent on growth
•Grow diet = [more important] phase: 50-80 2nd phase: 80-120 lbs
protein and amino acid
•Finisher = 120 - market
* need to meet energy requirements otherwise
you might have decrease in back fat.
Need lysme + supplemental proteins
Phytase = need supplement phosphorus
corn
soybeans
water soluble → alfalfa
particle size 650-750 - Ulcers in small particle size
all grains except wheat
* pigs can't break down phosphorus.
Dairy
(Sheep & Goats)
Lactation → Dry period → Pre-breeding/flush
Liquid feed (creep) → Late gestate → Early mid gestation
Grower ration → Finishing
Lactation → Flushing → Dry period
Growing + finishing → Growing → Liquid feeding
Ruminant
“Primary energy source is microbial ferm.
-Most water is from forages (picky on water - FRESH hay)
Energy: Carbs, Protein, Fats (oils, grams)
Excess fat is store for later use.
Most common disorder: preg. tox
→ lack of energy
Need to feed grain!!
Gilseed, meal, legumes: best protein source (protein is expensive)
Watch out for By-pass protein = not degradable (less)
Salt is a big requirement
→ lead to PICA → start eating things not food
Calcium and phosphorus ratio [2:1]
→ forages high in phosphorus
→ risk is milk fever
Se = fine line → very specific
→ slow turn from rations so you don’t shock system
Sheep - selective grazer but not as selective as goats
- Ruminants - low lying vegetation
Finer forages → toxic to sheep
Can't give sheep other animal rations
Goals - browsers
Shrubs & trees
High fiber, very selective
Chew on everything
Not eat
Course forage
# Lips allow for more selection
Beef
Lactation/OPEN (post part) → Lac. 1st tri → Lac 2nd tri
(Route 1.1 finished → forage base creep
Route 1 → Suddeling ← Lac 3rd tri
→ Route 2.1 → Route 2.2 → Finished/harvest
Biggest factor of performance = DM intake (need to eat)
Young = high quality forage = digestible
Energy balance = large portion
Supplement with concentration cornmeal
Protein = 50% are required for microbial fermentation.
Water = met through silage added salt = available water
Salt = mineral - feeding dry forage not as much salt Fresh ↑
Calcium dependent on soil ↑ ca when growing/lactating
Phosphorus = low amounts in roughage
Copper dependent on species
Iodine = soil content - Supplement in salt
A only need to supplement liver storage for 2 months
Bloat: legumes cause gas in abomasun
Grass Tetany = low Mg, early lactation, early pasture
Nitrite tox. excess Nitrate ammonia, binds to hemoglobin
Fesscue tox. tall fescure - fungus low performance
lonophores = Increase efficiency
Antibiotics: scours, Shipping feve Coccidiosia
Horses
Early Lactation → Late Lactation → Maintenance / midgest
(gestation 11th mo → gestation 10th mo → gestation 9th mo.
Rebreeding 29 days Post foaling → weaning → Yearling
(adult) Two-year-old → Long
non-ruminant: herbivorses → hindgut → cecum
Selective grazers → very picky
paletability and availability
-strong esophagus overeating cant vomit → colic chocking
feed twice a day → constant eating
Small intestine = micromoleculas pre-seculer diga
Water: fresh forage = but need access because
they need it for cecum digestion
*Good quality pastures
2 lbs for every 100 lbs of body weight
1 lbs hay to every 100 lbs
Young can eat alfalfa
adults = non-legumes
→ oats or corn
Adults = can't
high protein
50% corn every 50% oats
Water = amount of salt and minerals
horses need regular exercise
-minimize ground feed → colic
-Repro → increase Ca + P
DOD = developmental orthorpedic disease
anerobre z builes lycose
acrobre z ......
heavy horse = 100% more energy
foals = eat feces coprophagy
Dairy
ncal
Lactalia Energy Use
horse
no
gall bladda
no fat
in Aakel energy
Lactation
calves = monogastic - milk by-passes - water importans
hoifer supprimanted during late gestation 22-24 months
before breeding = less grain / pasture
post breeding: more grain / pasture
Dry cows = lower energy
try to maintain, CS
not gam!
high forage
✓ Close-up 14-21 dags befere = ↑ nutrient density.
Calves 14.21 days affer = ↑ And
↓ intake will go down
intake won't keep up
transitional cow disorder
tcd: caused by
eneroy, Calciom, protem deficiency
one disorder leads to another
Lactating cows!
A nutrient density. most expensive
Condition score goes down
Slide 16-17
water requirements are high
Protems= ammo acrd supplement
essential
lysme d methamme
Carbs: how they get energy 65% of DM
proccessed by rumen.
Structural = just as important
non-shuctural = easy - faster
Fat = energy not to enzyme
Ca:P off balance = milk-fever
B3 = "need the others, but Boy mert limiting
Y lysine because of microbes
Slide 29-31