Ultimate HOSA Bowl Review

ULTIMATE HOSA BOWL REVIEW STUDY NOTES

Understanding Medical Terminology

  • Medical Terminology Definitions:

    • Ear: Oto, Audi

    • Brain: Cerebro, Encephal

    • Bone: Osteo

    • Head: Cephal

    • Testis: Orch

    • Tumor: Onc

    • Egg: OO

    • Cancer: Carcin

    • Tooth: Odont, Dent

    • Kidney: Nephro, Ren

    • Joint: Arthro

    • Nerve: Neuro

    • Life: Bio

Common Prefixes

  • Ocul, Opthal: Eye

  • Blepharo: Eyelid

  • Angeo: Blood Vessel

  • Myo: Muscle

  • Arterio: Artery

  • Albin: White

  • Mamm, Mast: Breast

  • Adin: Gland

  • Myelo: Bone Marrow

  • Oophor: Ovary

  • Cardio: Heart

Suffixes and Their Meanings

  • -ectomy: Surgical removal

  • -itis: Inflammation

  • -ology: Study of

  • -oma: Tumor

  • -osis: Condition of

  • -plasty: Surgical repair

  • -rrhage: Excessive flow

  • -rrhea: Flow or discharge

  • -rrhexis: Rupture

Abbreviations Commonly Used in Medical Settings

  • ADL: Activities of Daily Living

  • BID: Twice Daily

  • CBC: Complete Blood Count

  • DNR: Do Not Resuscitate

  • IV: Intravenous

  • NPO: Nothing By Mouth

  • QID: Four Times Daily

Important Medical Concepts

  • Normal Body Temperature: Approx. 98.6°F

  • Cooling Speed After Death: Body cools at approximately 1.5°F per hour within the first 12 hours, and 1°F per hour for the next 12 to 18 hours.

  • Blood Pressure Measurements: Commonly assessed using a brachial artery measurement.

  • Heart Chambers:

    • Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood.

    • Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood.

    • Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

    • Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Anatomical Terms

  • Superior: Above or toward the head

  • Inferior: Below or toward the feet

  • Anterior: Front of the body

  • Posterior: Back of the body

  • Medial: Closer to the midline

  • Lateral: Further from the midline

  • Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment

  • Distal: Further from the point of attachment

Brain Functionality

  • Frontal Lobe Functions: Executive functions, thinking, planning, organizing, problem-solving, emotions and behavioral control, personality.

  • Parietal Lobe Functions: Perception, mathematics, spelling.

  • Temporal Lobe Functions: Memory, understanding, language.

  • Occipital Lobe Function: Vision.

  • Cerebellum Functions: Motor skills, coordination, balance.

Common Diseases and Conditions

  • Hypertension: High blood pressure.

  • Hypotension: Low blood pressure.

  • Anemia: A condition characterized by a deficient number of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

  • Diabetes Mellitus: A chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance.

Key Figures in Medicine

  • Edward Jenner: Developed the smallpox vaccine.

  • Wilhelm Rontgen: Discovered x-rays.

  • Hippocrates: Considered the father of modern medicine.

  • Florence Nightingale: Founder of modern nursing.

Surgical Procedures

  • Appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix.

  • Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

  • Laparotomy: Surgical opening of the abdomen.

  • Cystoscopy: Visualization of the bladder using a scope.

  • Pericardiocentesis: Procedure to remove fluid from around the heart.

Additional Medical Vocabulary

  • Contusion: A bruise.

  • Laceration: A tear or a cut.

  • Hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding.

  • Scleral Icterus: Yellowing of the sclera due to jaundice.

HOSA Overview and Terminology

  • Event Categories: Medical Terminology, Health Science, Health Professions, Emergency Preparedness, Leadership, Teamwork, Recognition.

  • Emblem Colors and Their Meanings:

    • Navy Blue: Loyalty to the healthcare profession.

    • Maroon: Compassion of HOSA members.

    • White: Purity of purpose.

  • HOSA Established: November 1976.

Competitive and Leadership Roles in HOSA

  • Chairman: Lara Skaggs.

  • Secretary: Allen Seigler.

  • National President: Amitoj Sandhu.

  • Region 1 Vice President: Santina Cherian.

  • Region 2 Vice President: Julius Wade.

  • Region 3 Vice President: Akshar Patel.

Important Terminology for Chart Writing and Reporting

  • Assessment: An evaluation of the patient’s condition.

  • Diagnosis: The identification of the nature of an illness or condition.

  • Plan: The proposed course of action based on diagnosis.

Forensic Terms and Concepts

  • Cadaver: A deceased human body.

  • Autopsy: A postmortem examination to determine cause of death.

  • Toxicology: The study of drugs and their effects on the body.

Biological and Chemical Names

  • Cyanobacteria: A group of bacteria that can perform photosynthesis.

  • Narcotics: Substances that induce sleep or stupor and alleviate pain.

  • Antibiotics: Drugs used to kill or inhibit bacterial growth.