lesson 1 pr
📚 Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research
📘 Course Description
This course develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills through the practice of qualitative research.
• 🕐 Number of Hours: 80 hours total (4 hours/week)
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📖 Course Contents
• Nature of Inquiry and Research
• Qualitative Research and Its Types
• Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem
• Learning from Others and Reviewing the Literature
• Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data
• Finding Answers through Data Collection
• Analyzing the Meaning of the Data and Drawing Conclusions
• Reporting and Sharing the Findings
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📌 What You Need to Do
• Use appropriate kinds of research in making decisions
• Decide on suitable qualitative research for different areas of interest
• Formulate a clearly stated research problem
• Select, cite, and synthesize related literature ethically
• Present a written review of related literature
• Describe qualitative research designs, sampling, and data collection and analysis procedures
• Apply art/design principles creatively
• Gather relevant information with intellectual honesty
• Analyze patterns and themes honestly
• Form logical conclusions
• Make recommendations based on findings
• Write and present a clear report
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🎯 Final Task
To Present a Study Using the Best Design
📊 Grading System
Category Weight
Written Work 20%
Performance Task 60%
Quarterly Exam 20%
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🧠 Inquiry-Based Learning — Lesson 1
💬 What is Inquiry and Research?
• Inquiry involves investigative work using questions to seek information.
• Research seeks to discover truths on a chosen topic scientifically.
🔍 Inquiry Process:
1. Investigate or ask questions
2. Collect data
3. Analyze data
4. Make a conclusion
🔑 Inquiry Steps
• A. Collect Data
• B. Collect Meanings
• C. Collect Facts
• D. Gather Information
🧪 Data Analysis & Conclusion
• A. Examine collected data
• B. Provide conclusions
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🧠 Thinking Skills in Inquiry
Lower Order Higher Order
Applying Creative Thinking
Understanding Integrative Thinking
Remembering Critical Thinking
Inferencing
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⚙ Theories of Inquiry
Theorist Foundation
John Dewey Learning by Doing
Lev Vygotsky Zone of Proximal Dev.
Jerome Bruner Discovery Learning
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🌟 Benefits of Inquiry-Based Learning
1. Elevates interpretative thinking through graphic skills
2. Improves student learning abilities
3. Widens learners’ vocabulary
4. Facilitates problem-solving acts
5. Increases social awareness and cultural knowledge
6. Encourages cooperative learning
7. Provides mastery of procedural knowledge
8. Encourages higher-order thinking strategies
9. Hastens conceptual understanding
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📝 Review Questions
1. What is the definition of Inquiry?
2. What is the process of inquiry?
3. What thinking strategies should you use in inquiry learning?
4. What are the underlying theories of inquiry?
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🧩 Quick Activity Prompts
• “Time for a short break! Get 1/4 sheet of paper. Write your name, section, and the date today.”
• Remembering: 1–3. Name the three processes of research
4. Name the highest form of thinking in Inquiry-based learning
5. Who proposed “Learning by Doing”?
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🧠 Scenario-Based Questions (Critical Thinking)
Theory Identification
Assign the correct theory:
• Learning by Doing (LD)
• Learning by Discovering (LBD)
• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
6. A fifth-grader struggles with fractions. Paired with an advanced student, they get support until solving independently. → ZPD
7. High school students enroll in cooking class, prepare dishes themselves. → LD
8. Students conduct experiments with teacher support. → LBD
9. A gymnast learns advanced moves with the coach’s guidance. → ZPD
10. Students explore a nature reserve independently, then research biodiversity. → LBD
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🔬 Nature of Research — Lesson 2
📌 Characteristics of Research
• Accuracy – Documented with honest and proper citations
• Timeliness – Topic must be current and relevant
• Objectiveness – Based on facts, not assumptions
• Relevance – Should help solve societal problems
• Clarity – Express findings in clear and correct language
• Systematic – Organized and orderly research process
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🎯 Purposes of Research
1. Learn to work independently
2. Learn to work scientifically/systematically
3. Gain in-depth knowledge
4. Think using Higher Order Thinking Strategies (HOTS): inferring, evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating, applying, and creating
5. Improve reading and writing skills
6. Familiarize with tools and techniques
7. Reduce reliance on textbook/professor viewpoints
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🔍 Types of Research
📁 Based on Application of Research Method
Type Description Examples
Pure Research Expands fundamental understanding “Investigating Quantum Mechanics of Superconductors”
Applied Research Develops practical solutions to real-world problems “Creating Sustainable Packaging from Agricultural Waste”
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📁 Based on Purpose
Type Description Examples
Descriptive Describes characteristics of a phenomenon or population “Exploring Lived Experiences of Urban Poor in Metro Manila”
Correlational Shows relationships between variables “Study of Relationship Between Exercise and Academic Performance”
Explanatory Explains cause-effect relationships between variables “Impact of Social Media on Political Polarization Among Young Adults”
Exploratory Gains general understanding of under-researched topics “Experiences of LGBTQ+ in Rural Communities”
Action Research Studies ongoing practices to improve systems “Interactive Learning to Improve Reading in Baguio Elementary Schools”
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📁 Based on Data Needed
Type Description
Qualitative Uses words, focuses on beliefs, feelings, views, expressed in verbal form
Quantitative Uses numbers, focuses on measurement and frequency
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🧮 Data Types
• Primary Data – Direct contact sources
• Secondary Data – Literature, reports, and written records
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⚗ Approaches to Research
1⃣ Scientific / Positivist Approach
• 🎯 Objectivity – minimize bias
• 📊 Quantitative Methods – experiments, surveys, statistics
• 🔬 Empirical Evidence – observable, measurable data
• 📚 Theory Testing – confirm or refute hypotheses
• 🔁 Replicability – repeatable methods and results
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2⃣ Naturalistic Approach
• 🌍 Contextual Understanding – personal interpretations
• 🗣 Qualitative Methods – interviews, observations
• 🧠 Subjectivity – researcher’s perspective acknowledged
• 🔄 Holistic View – full picture of behavior and social patterns
• 🌱 Theory Generation – build models from findings
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3⃣ Triangulation Approach
Type Description
Methodological Combines quantitative and qualitative methods
Data Triangulation Uses multiple data sources for verification
Investigator Triangulation Involves multiple researchers for diverse perspectives
Theory Triangulation Applies different theories to interpret findings