lab 2 exam

Measurement Units in the Metric System

  • Meter: The basic unit of length in the metric system.

  • Liter: The basic unit of volume for liquids in the metric system.

  • Gram: The basic unit of mass in the metric system.

Variables in Experiments

  • Dependent Variable: The variable that is measured in an experiment and is affected by changes in the independent variable.

  • Independent Variable: The variable that is changed in an experiment.

Laboratory Instruments

  • Spectrophotometer: An instrument that measures how much light a sample absorbs.

  • Cuvette: A small container for holding liquid samples in spectroscopy.

  • Pipette: A tool used to measure and transfer liquid volumes.

  • Beaker: A container used for mixing and heating liquids.

  • Micropipette: A precise tool for measuring very small liquid volumes.

  • Graduated Cylinder: A narrow container used for accurately measuring liquid volumes.

  • Centrifuge: A machine that separates substances based on density by spinning them.

Biological Concepts

  • Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.

  • Substrate: The reactant that an enzyme acts on.

  • Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert light energy into food.

  • Cellular Respiration: The process of converting glucose into energy in cells.

Molecular Biology Techniques

  • Agar Gel Electrophoresis: A method for separating DNA fragments by size.

  • Restriction Enzyme: An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences.

  • Chromatography: A technique to separate compounds in a mixture.

Genetic Information

  • Haploid: A cell with one set of chromosomes.

  • Diploid: A cell with two sets of chromosomes.

  • Chromatid: One half of a duplicated chromosome.

  • Chromosome: The structure that carries genetic information.

Analysis Techniques

  • DNA Segment Length Calculation: Determining the length of DNA segments using base pairs.

  • Crime Scene DNA Profiling: Comparing DNA from a crime scene with a suspect's DNA.

  • Fragment Analysis: Identifying the number of DNA fragments through gel electrophoresis.

Chlorophyll and Absorption

  • Location of Chlorophyll in Leaves: Found in chloroplasts, indicated by iodine tests.

  • Absorption Spectrum Graph: Shows how pigments absorb light at different wavelengths.

  • Chromatography of Pigments: Separates pigments based on their solubility.

  • Absorbance Graph Reading: Identifies how much light is absorbed at specific wavelengths.

  • Optimal Absorbance: Chlorophyll absorbs best around 430 nm and 660 nm.