Comprehensive Study Notes on Natural Sciences, Biology, and Geology

Classification of Natural Sciences

  • Natural Sciences (Las ciencias naturales): Natural sciences are categorized into two primary groups:

    • Descriptive Sciences (Ciencias descriptivas): Sciences that study the origin, structure, form, distribution, and classification of natural beings (los seres de la naturaleza).
    • Experimental Sciences (Ciencias experimentales): The group of sciences that operate alongside descriptive sciences.

  • Subdivisions of Descriptive Sciences: Descriptive sciences are divided into two main branches:

    • Biological Sciences (Ciencias biológicas)
    • Experimental or Geological Sciences (Experimentales o geológicas)

Biological Sciences (Ciencias Biológicas o Ciencias de la Vida)

  • Overview: Biological sciences study life and living organisms across various domains and technical applications.

  • Branches and Specializations:

    • Biologia general: Studies life in general.
    • Botanica: Studies plants and plant life (los vegetales).
    • Zologia: Studies animals (los animales).
    • Antropologia: Studies man / human beings (al hombre).
    • Biostatica: Studies the living organism (al ser vivo).
    • Viogenia: Studies the origin of living beings (el origen de los seres vivos).
    • Viotaxia: Focuses on the classification of living beings (la clasificación de los seres vivos).
    • Ecologia: Studies the relationship of living beings with their environment (la relación de los seres vivos con el medio).
    • Parasitologia: Studies living beings that live at the expense of (en despensa de) another organism.
    • Agrotecnia: Studies the technical cultivation of plants and crops (el cultivo técnico de vegetales).
    • Crianzatec: Studies the technical breeding and cultivation of animals (el cultivo técnico de animales).
    • Sitología: Studies cells (las células).
    • Protecnia: Studies tissues (los tejidos).
    • Anatomía y fixiología: Studies the structure and functioning of cells and organs (la estructura y funcionamiento de células y órganos).

Geological Sciences (Ciencias Geológicas)

Handwritten notebook page listing geological sciences

  • Overview: Geological sciences encompass disciplines that examine the Earth, its constituent materials, and celestial phenomena.

  • Branches and Specializations:

    • Geologia: Studies the Earth (la tierra), including its origin, formation, and structure (su origen, formación y estructura).
    • peticología: Studies the origin of rocks (el origen de las rocas).
    • Hinerologia: Studies minerals (los minerales).
    • estro Sología: Studies the soil (el suelo) specifically from an agricultural point of view (desde el punto de vista agrícola).
    • Hidrologia: Studies surface waters and underground waters (las aguas superficiales y subterráneas).
    • Astronomia: Studies celestial bodies (los astros).