Pharma

🦠 1st Generation — mostly Gram-positive

Easy idea: skin, soft tissue, some UTI, surgical prevention

Cefadroxil

Skin infections, some UTIs

Cefazolin

Skin/soft-tissue infections; prevention during surgery

Cephalexin

Skin infections, some respiratory infections, UTIs

Cephradine

Skin, respiratory, and urinary infections.

🦠 2nd Generation — more Gram-negative coverage

Easy idea: respiratory + some abdominal/pelvic infections

Cefaclor

Ear, respiratory, skin, and urinary infections

Cefmetazole

Abdominal/pelvic infections; surgical infections

Cefoxitin

Abdominal/pelvic infections; surgical prevention

Cefprozil

Ear, sinus, respiratory, and skin infections

Cefuroxime

Respiratory, ear, sinus, skin, and urinary infections

Loracarbef

Respiratory, ear, sinus, skin, and urinary infections

🦠 3rd Generation — stronger Gram-negative coverage

Easy idea: more serious infections, including meningitis

- Cefdinir

Respiratory, ear, sinus, and skin infections

- Cefoperazone

Serious respiratory, abdominal, biliary, and other infections

- Cefotaxime

Serious infections, including meningitis

- Cefpodoxime

Respiratory, ear, sinus, skin, and urinary infections

- Ceftazidime

Serious Gram-negative infections, including Pseudomonas

- Ceftibuten

Respiratory and urinary infections

- Ceftizoxime

Serious bacterial infections, especially Gram-negative infections

- Ceftriaxone

Serious infections, including meningitis, pneumonia, and gonorrhea

-Cefpirome

Serious bacterial/hospital-associated infections

🧠 3rd gen = Serious infections + strong Gram-negative

🦠 4th Generation

- Cefepime

Serious hospital-acquired infections; also covers Pseudomonas

-Cefpirome

Serious bacterial infections, particularly severe/hospital-associated infection s

⭐ Super easy pattern to memorize

1st → Skin + surgery

2nd → Respiratory + more Gram-negative

3rd → Serious infections + strong Gram-negative

4th → Broad coverage + serious hospital infections

And remember: these are antibiotics for bacterial infections—they don't all treat the same organisms, so the exact drug depends on the bacteria and its susceptibility.

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💨 Flatulence

Flatulence = excessive gas in the stomach or intestines, which may cause bloating or passing gas (utot).

🧠 Easy memory: Flatulence → gas / utot

🦠 Pseudomembranous colitis

This is a serious inflammation of the colon (large intestine) that can occur after taking certain antibiotics.

Paresthesia = tingling/numb feeling, Pins and needles feeling

Fluoroquinolones = antibiotics that stop bacterial DNA from being copied.

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Antibiotic often used for UTIs, certain gastrointestinal infections, and some serious Gram-negative infections. Also has activity against Pseudomonas.

Gemifloxacin

Mainly used for respiratory infections, especially certain bacterial pneumonia/bronchitis infections.

Levofloxacin

Used for respiratory infections and UTIs, among others. It can also cover Pseudomonas in some situations.

Lomefloxacin

Used for certain UTIs and respiratory infections. Less commonly used today.

Moxifloxacin

Strongly associated with respiratory infections, such as bacterial pneumonia and sinusitis. It also has some activity against certain anaerobic bacteria.

Norfloxacin

Mainly used for certain urinary tract infections; also has activity against some gastrointestinal bacteria.

Ofloxacin

Used for UTIs and some respiratory or skin infections; also available for certain eye/ear infections.

Sparfloxacin

Mainly used for respiratory bacterial infections. It is used much less often because of safety concerns.

Quinidine → medicine for abnormal heart rhythms ❤

Amiodarone → medicine for serious abnormal heart rhythms ❤

Erythromycin → antibiotic for bacterial infections 🦠

Pentamidine → medicine for certain parasites and PJP pneumonia 🦠

Tricyclics (TCAs) → antidepressants, also used for some nerve pain 🧠

Torsades de pointes → a dangerous abnormal heart rhythm that can happen when the QT interval is too long ⚠

Theophylline → a bronchodilator used to help open the airways in conditions like asthma and COPD.

Insomnia = trouble sleeping.

Legionnaires’ disease - is a type of pneumonia (lung infection) caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila.

Erythromycin - is the drug of choice for Legionnaires' disease.

Azithromycin - is used to treat mild to moderate upper respiratory infections such as urethritis, otitis media, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis.

Clarithromycin - is an expensive oral agent used to treat several skin, sinus, and maxillary infections.

Dirithromycin - is effective in treating upper and lower respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and pharyngitis or tonsillitis.

Urethritis → inflammation/infection of the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. It can cause burning or pain when urinating.

Otitis media → infection/inflammation of the middle ear, often causing ear pain, fever, or difficulty hearing.