In-Depth Notes on Enlightenment and Revolutions
Module 5: Enlightenment & Revolutions!
5.01 European Geography
- Data Observation Methods:
- Line Graphs: Show trends and changes over time
- Pie Charts: Represent percentages
- Bar Graphs: Enable comparisons
Physical Characteristics of Europe
- Physical Geography: Study of the land's surface, including mountains, rivers, etc.
- Mountains: Can hinder population integration and stable governance
- Coastal Areas: Typically more populated; abundant resources
Human Characteristics of Europe
- Human Geography: Study of people, their habitats, and societal organization
- Example: Shared linguistic traits within modern countries; historical linguistic diversity caused governance issues in the 17th century
- Contemporary Considerations:
- Population Growth
- Religious Beliefs
- Political Organization
- Immigration
- Shared Culture
Significant Political Change
- Transition from monarchs holding political power to monarchs as symbolic figureheads
5.02 Constitutional vs. Absolute Monarchies
| Monarch Type | Definition | Examples |
|---|
| Absolute | - Supreme power; no law higher than the monarch | |
- Often claim "divine right" from God
- Found in stable countries needing strong government (often Eastern Europe) | - Russia: Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Catherine the Great |
| Constitutional | - Constitution limits monarch's powers; often have figurehead monarchs with elected officials wielding real power (e.g., Prime Minister) - Also known as