Covalent Bonds

• occur between 2 or more non-metals

  • neither will donate electrons, they must share

• In covalent bond, the pair share the space between the 2 nuclei.

• charged electrons are attracted to the positive charges of both nuclei, which overcomes the repulsion between the two shared electrons.

Covalent bond → the stong electrostatic attraction between the shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.

Single Covalent Bond:

The electrons in a covalent bond are in between the 2 atoms, therefore they are DIRECTIONAL.

How to remember all the diatomic atoms:

I → iodine

Have → Hydrogen

No → Nitrogen

Clever → Chlorine

Or → Oxygen

Bright → Bromine

Friends → Florine

Multiple Covalent Bonds:

This depends on how many single upaired electrons there are in the outershell.

Lone pairs:

An electron pair that is not used for bonding is called a LONE PAIR. When a compound has 2 sets of lone pairs, you must draw the bonds in a mickey mouse slanted shape: