German Review

General

Sentence Types/Tenses

• Präteritum

Same as präsens but alter the ending to ich (-te), du (-test), er/sie/es(-te), wir(-ten), ihr(-tet), and sie/Sie (-ten). However, irregular verbs have alternative conjugations (lesen → lasen); these ones you have to memorize.

• Perfekt

Perfekt replaces the main verb with haben/sein (correctly conjugated) and then sends the previous main verb to the end of the clause with the updated Perfekt conjugation ge- (only a few exceptions). If there are two verbs, just move the modal to the back (unconjugated) and disregard the other verb.

• Futurm

Similar to Perfekt, except instead of haben/sein, you use a conjugation of werden and the verb is unconjugated.

• Plusquamperfekt

Somewhat similar to Perfekt. Maintains the same idea of replacing the verb with haben/sein and sending the main verb to the end with ge- conjugation. However, the haben/sein becomes a conjugation of hatten/waren. Ich hatte/war, du hattest/warst, er/sie/es hatte/war, wir hatten/waren, ihr hattet/wartet, sie/Sie hatten/waren.

• Futurperfekt

Mix of futurm and perfekt. Takes the ge- conjugation concept of Perfekt and the werden conjugation of Futurm. Replace main verb with conjugation of werden and send main verb to the back with ge- conjugation. The other weird thing about this one is at the end it gets a haben/sein after the ge- conjugation.

• Verbs

You need to memorize irregular, modal, hatten/waren, and werden verb conjugations, other than that, normal verbs fill in the following conjugations:

Irregular conjugations

K2G

K2G has two major sentence structures to memorize and a few verbs (modal and helping)

• Sentence Structures

  1. Wenn wir das Geld hätten, würden wir ein neues Auto kaufen.

  2. Wenn sich Saskia und Ingrid bemühen würden, würden ihr Blumenladen erfolgreich.

  3. Wenn Sarah kommen würde, würden wir losfahren

  4. Unser Deutschlehrer freuen würde sich, wenn alle seine Schülerinnen die Semesterprüfung besthen würde

     In these two examples, the main verb is replaced with a conjugated form of würden that is placed in the proper place. If it replaces in the front, the verb goes to the end BUT ONLY IF IT’S A NEBENSTATZ.

  5. EX w/ double: Hannes würde bestimmit in die Hockey-Manschaft kommen, wenn er jeden Tag trainerien würde

• Special Verbs

  The following verbs are individually conjugated and don’t need würden

ADJ

• Positiv

  Regular version of an adjective groß, klein, etc.

• Komparativ

  Second level, add er to the original verb größer, kleiner, etc.

• Superlativ

Highest level, the most of something add am.. and -sten am größstem, am kleinsten

• Special Rules

  For words with an a, o, or u add an umlaut: stark → stärker, but only one umlaut and if there’s a double you don’t add an umlaut at all grau → grauer

  If it ends in t, d, tz, s, ss, sch add -esten to Superlativ am kältesten

  If it end in el or er add -er to Komparativ profitabler, leckerer

• Special Verbs

• Wie and Als

  Wie is as and Als is than