Deputy Accountant (BPS-14) Punjab Treasuries Preparation Flashcards (copy)

Pre-Partition Political History and Subcontinent Events

• Founding of the Indian National Congress: The Indian National Congress was established in the year $1885$.
• Urdu-Hindi Controversy: This cultural and linguistic conflict in the subcontinent began in the year $1867$.
• Partition of Bengal (1905): The partition was executed by Lord Curzon.
• Simla Deputation: In October $1906$, a delegation comprising $35$ Muslim leaders met the Viceroy.
• Separation Electorate: The demand by Muslims for a 'Separate Electorate' was officially accepted in $1909$.
• All-India Muslim League Membership: Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined the Muslim League in the year $1913$.
• Allahabad Address: Allama Iqbal delivered his historic address in $1930$.
• Round Table Conferences (1930–1932): These conferences were convened by British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald.
• Partition Plan of India: The formal partition plan was announced on $3\text{rd June, 1947}$.
• Important Personalities:
  • Maulana Muhammad Ali: Buried in the city of $Jerusalem$.
  • Last Viceroy of India: Lord Mountbatten (who also had the shortest tenure as Viceroy).
  • Mahatma Gandhi: Assassinated in the year $1948$.
  • Chaudhry Rehmat Ali: Buried in $Cambridge$; he issued the pamphlet "Now or Never," which first used the name "Pakistan."
  • Satyagraha: This movement was initiated by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
  • Simon Commission: Included no Indian members.
  • Bande Matram: This song was adopted by the Indian Congress as their National Anthem.

Constitutional Development and Post-1947 Pakistan

• Early Governance and Law:
  • First Chief Justice of Pakistan: Justice Sir Abdur Rashid.
  • Karachi Stock Exchange: Established on $18\text{th September, 1947}$.
  • Objective Resolution: Passed in the year $1949$.
  • First Constituent Assembly: Dissolved in the year $1954$.
  • One Unit Bill: Passed in the year $1955$.
• Constitutional Changes:
  • 1956 Constitution: Abrogated on $7\text{th October, 1958}$, when Martial Law was enforced.
  • 1958 Martial Law: Feroze Khan Noon was the Prime Minister at the time of imposition.
  • Constitution Commission (Ayub Khan era): Headed by Justice Shahab-ud-Din.
  • Transfer of Power (1969): Ayub Khan handed over power to General Yahya on $25\text{th March, 1969}$.
  • 1973 Constitution: Promulgated on $14\text{th August, 1973}$. It introduced "Bicameralism" to Pakistan. Under this constitution, the Prime Minister is the Head of Government, and the $8\text{th}$ amendment gave overriding powers to the President.
  • Article 25: Deals with the equality of citizens.
• International Agreements and Conflicts:
  • Tashkent Declaration: Signed by Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and representatvies of Pakistan.
  • Simla Agreement: Signed between India and Pakistan in $1972$.
  • R.C.D (Regional Cooperation for Development): Signed in $1964$ by Pakistan, Iran, and $Turkey$.
  • CENTO: This agreement was signed in $1955$.
  • Kargil Conflict: Occurred between India and Pakistan in the year $1999$.
• Political Parties and Figures:
  • Pakistan People's Party (PPP): Founded in the year $1967$ by Z.A. Bhutto (author of "If I am Assassinated").
  • Liaquat Ali Khan: Assassinated on $16\text{th October, 1951}$; he also presented the "Poor Man's Budget" of the United India Interim Government.
  • First Chairman of Senate: Habib Ullah Khan Marwat.
  • Governor of Punjab: Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar (who also chaired the National Anthem committee in December $1948$).

Islamic History, Prophetic Biography, and Jurisprudence

• Life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH):
  • Birth: $571\text{ A.D.}$
  • Loss of Mother: He was $6$ years old at the time of his mother's death.
  • Grandfather: Hazrat Abdul Muttalib.
  • Mir'aj: The event during which the five daily prayers ($Salat$) became mandatory ($Farz$).
  • Final Pilgrimage (Hajj): Performed in $10\text{ A.H.}$
  • Greatest Miracle: The Holy Quran.
• The Holy Quran:
  • First Revelation: Surah Al-Alaq.
  • Surah Al-Baqarah: Classified as a Madani Surah.
  • Surah Momin: Located in Para $24$.
  • Surah Al-Naml: Named after an insect.
• Prophetic Attributes and Tales:
  • Abul Bashar: Title of Hazrat Adam (A.S.).
  • Khalil Ullah: Title of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S.).
  • Hazrat Younas (A.S.): The Prophet who was eaten by a fish.
  • Hazrat Eesa (A.S.): The Prophet of Allah with the minimum age.
• The Pious Caliphs and Companions:
  • Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.): Caliphate lasted for $2$ years.
  • Hazrat Umar (R.A.): Belonged to the Banu Addi tribe of the Quraish; instituted the Islamic calendar starting from the Migration to Madina.
  • Hazrat Usman (R.A.): Belonged to the Bani Umayyad tribe; his mother was Arwa; first Hafiz of the Quran; longest reign among the Pious Caliphs; martyred by rebels at age $80$.
  • Hazrat Ali (R.A.): First child to accept Islam; martyred at age $60$.
• History and Jurisprudence:
  • Treaty of Hudaibiya: A truce declared for $10$ years between Muslims and the Quraish.
  • Jihad: Became mandatory in $2\text{ AH}$.
  • Tragedy of Karbala: Took place in $61\text{ Hijrah}$.
  • Islamic Calendar: $7\text{th}$ month is Rajab; $9\text{th}$ month is Ramadan.
  • Jurisprudence: The third source is $Ijma$. $Ijtihad$ means the exertion of a jurist's faculty to find a solution.
  • Battle of the Ditch (Khandaq): Abu Sufyan was the commander of the infidels.

Geography, International Relations, and global Landmarks

• Pakistan Geography and Landmarks:
  • Largest Dam: Tarbela Dam.
  • Kalabagh Dam: To be constructed on the Indus river.
  • Mountain Peaks: Pakistan has $5$ of the $14$ tallest peaks in Asia. Notable peaks include K2 (2nd highest), Broad Peak, and Lady Finger Peak.
  • Mountain Passes: Babusar Pass connects Abbottabad with Gilgit.
  • Provinces and Districts: Sindh is known as "Bab-ul-Islam." Multan is the "City of Saints." Bahawalpur is the largest district of Punjab by area.
• Global Landmarks:
  • Constantinople: Ancient name for Istanbul (home to the Blue Mosque/Mosque of Sultan Ahmad with $6$ minarets).
  • Angkor Wat: Ancient city in $Cambodia$.
  • Statue of Liberty: A gift from $France$ to the USA.
  • Pyramids: Great stone monuments built in Ancient Egypt.
  • Leaning Tower: Located in Italy.
  • Porcelain Tower of Nanjing: Located in China.
• International Organizations and Affairs:
  • SAARC: First summit held at Dhaka. Myanmar is not a member.
  • Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): Presently comprises $120$ members.
  • UNO Pre-WWII: The ILO (International Labour Organization) existed before World War II.
  • World Economic Forum: Formed in $1971$.
  • Human Rights Day: Observed on $10\text{th December}$.
  • Earth Day: Observed on $22\text{th April}$.
  • G7: Spain is not a part of the G7.

General Science, Biology, and Environmental Studies

• Physical Sciences:
  • Richter Scale: Used to measure earthquakes.
  • Decibel: Unit used for the intensity of sound.
  • Chronometer: Measures time.
  • Velocity of Sound: Maximum in mediums like steel.
  • Elements: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Silicon is required for solar energy conversion. Phosphorus is used in match sticks.
• Chemistry:
  • Sodium Chloride: Common name is Salt ($NaCl$).
  • Rusting of Iron: An example of an oxidation reaction.
  • Chlorophyll: The green pigment in plants.
  • Ozone Layer: Absorbs most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
  • Acid Rain: Produced mainly by Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
• Biology and Medicine:
  • Heart: Human heart has $4$ chambers.
  • Water Boiling Point: $100\text{ }^\circ\text{C}$.
  • Diabetes: Caused by malfunctioning of the Pancreas.
  • Vitamin C: Best source is the Orange.
  • Endemic Disease: A disease prevalent in a particular area.
  • Bacteria: First observed through a lens by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

Computer Science and Information Technology

• Programming and Hardware:
  • Compiler: A program that converts an entire program into machine language.
  • IP: Stands for Internet Protocol.
  • Computer Mouse: Invented in $1964$ by Douglas Engelbart.
  • Internet: First developed in the $1960\text{s}$.
  • Binary Conversion: The decimal number $11$ is represented as $1011$ in binary.
• Software Applications:
  • MS Word 2016: Largest font size in the drop-down menu is $72$.
  • MS Excel: Known as a spreadsheet package. "Chart wizard" refers to a collection of chart data markers.
  • Keyboard Shortcuts: Windows logo + L is used to lock the keyboard. SHIFT + PAGE DOWN extends a selection one screen down in MS Word.
  • Hacking: Denotes unwanted and illegal accessing of unauthorized programs.

Mathematical Problems and Quantitative Reasoning

• Basic Arithmetic and Ratios:
  • Multiplication: $40 \times 5.9 = 236$.
  • LCM: The Least Common Multiple of $5, 15, 20, \text{ and } 25$ is $300$.
  • Proportions: If $15:7 = x:560$, then $x = \frac{15 \times 560}{7} = 1200$.
• Percentage and Algebra:
  • Wage Calculation: If a daily wage increases by 25\text{%} to become Rs. $25$, the original wage was Rs. $20$.
  • Algebraic Sets: The solution of $x + a = b$ is possible in natural numbers if $a < b$.
  • Cumulative Changes: If a number increases by 20\text{%} and then decreases by 20\text{%}, the final value decreases by 4\text{%} ($1.20 \times 0.80 = 0.96$).
• Series and Odd Man Out:
  • Next in Series: For series $2, 3, 6, 18, 108$, the next number is $18 \times 108 = 1944$.
  • Missing Number: For $26, 29, 39, \text{\_}, 52, 55$, the answer is $42$ (pattern involves $+3$ then $+10$).
  • Odd Man Out: In the set $14, 28, 49, 65, 35, 21$, the number $65$ is the odd one out as others are divisible by $7$.

English Vocabulary, Grammar, and Idioms

• Synonyms (Similar Meanings):
  • Benign: Beneficial
  • Arid: Barren
  • Parity: Equivalence
  • Zealot: Fanatic
  • Theist: Believer
  • Laudable: Commendable
  • Gorgeous: Magnificent
• Antonyms (Opposite Meanings):
  • Miscellaneous: Similar
  • Tranquil: Noisy
  • Auspicious: Luckless
  • Pertinent: Irrelevant
  • Viable: Unworkable
  • Selfish: Altruistic
• Idiomatic Expressions:
  • To call a spade a spade: To speak in plain terms.
  • To bury the hatchet: To make peace.
  • Have an axe to grind: To have a selfish motive.
  • To husband one's resources: To manage one's means with frugality.
  • To bear the brunt of: To endure the main force or shock.
  • To fish in troubled waters: To make a personal profit out of a disturbance.

Economic Principles, Finance, and Accounting

• Definitions and Macroeconomics:
  • GDP: Gross Domestic Product.
  • Financial Year (Pakistan): Closes on $June 30$.
  • Subsidy: Money paid by a government to reduce production costs to keep prices low.
  • Free Trade: Occurs when no tariffs are imposed on imports and exports.
  • Bearish: A term for when the stock market is going down.
• Accounting Principles:
  • Gross Profit: The excess of sales over the cost of goods sold.
  • Receipts and Payments Account: Shows opening and closing cash balances.
  • Manufacturing Account: Used to calculate the production cost of goods completed in a period.
  • Accounting Equation Error: "Liabilities + Assets = Capital" is incorrect (Correct: Assets = Liabilities + Capital).
  • Profit Calculation: Given opening capital of Rs. $16,500$, closing capital of Rs. $11,350$, and drawings of Rs. $3,300$, the loss for the year is calculated as Rs. $1,850$.