Gilded Age Test Review

  • 1886 statue of liberty made to represent freedom

  • Second industrial revolution developments

    • growing labor supply

    • natural resources

    • government promotion

    • railroads

    • tarriffs

    • Indian removal

  • North had primary developments

    • in Great Lakes

    • industrial cities

    • Pittsburgh was center of iron+steel

    • Chicago was center of industrial farming

  • Inovative Inventions

    • Atlantic Cable

    • telephone

    • typewriter

    • handheld camera

    • Thomas Edison

      • light bulb

      • motion picture

      • phonograph

      • electrical power distributer

  • Main leaders of industry

    • Andrew Carnegie

      • steel company

      • vertical integration-controlled business phases

    • JP Morgan

      • American financer/banker

    • Cornelius Vanderbilt

      • shipping+railroads

    • John D. Rockefeller

      • dominated oil industry

      • used horizontal expansion-buying out competing oil companies

        • AKA monopoly

  • Worker freedom

    • wealth gap between rich and poor

    • aristocratic lifestyle

  • Key social concepts

    • Social Darwinism-William Graham Sumner’s idea of survival of the fittest, which Rockefeller and Carnegie promoted

    • Laissez Faire economics-hands off government in terms of industry

  • Farming

    • Bonanza farms developed as farming became an expansive industry

    • Farmer’s alliance eventually became the populist party (1870s)

      • formed bc farmers had high railroad freight rates and low pay

      • encoraged silver and gold standard

      • circulating medium increased

      • graduated income tax

      • postal savings banks established

      • transportation in interest of the people

      • land not monopolized

    • grange was formed 1867 for produce to beb taken at a fair price

  • Racial divide

    • Booker T. Washington encouraged that Black people advocate for less progress to glean a better reward, push against immigrant jobs, and prove themselves to white people

  • Amendments

    • 13th amendment: no slavery

    • 14th amendment: birthright citizenship, equal protection of laws

    • 15th amendment: Right to vote, equal protection of laws

  • Battles and strikes

    • Battle of Little Bighorn

      • 1876 battle in which native americans came together and won a battle against white men and the commander Custer

    • Homestead strike

      • 1892 workers of the Carnegie Steel Company in the Amalgamated Association protested against Frick’s wage decrease, workers striked and surrounded the plant, Pinkertons arrived and people were killed on both sides

  • Indian life

    • attempted assimilation+violence+mistreatment

      • Dawes passed Dawes act which broke up tribal land for Indian families w/ land auctioned off to white people

      • land rushes

      • John Elk was not allowed to be a citizen

      • Ghost Dance was a religious campaign that said whites would go away, governnment sent troops to reservation, wounded knee creek killed 200 indians and was widely celebrated among americans

      • bureau of indian affairs had boarding schools that forced indain children into white culture to take away indian identity

  • Wild west

    • future empire w lassos

  • corrupt politics

    • railroad lobbyists+lawmakers had more power than the government

    • weatlh v man according to Wisconsin justice

    • urban polititcis on the sway of political machines

      • tweed ring that provided money to poor

      • crédit mobilier formed by union pacific railroad to oversee construction and protected distribution of stock to politicians

    • divided politics based on civil war

      • parties closely divided

      • republicans support high tarrifs and democrats oppose them

    • gold standard increased value of money

    • civil sercice act 1883 was a merit system for federal employees w examinations

    • interstate commerce commision attempted to regulate commerce

  • buffalo hunt

  • gold rush

  • subtreasury plan allowed farmers to store crops in government warehouses and use them as collateral for low interest loans

  • farmers alliance in texas, colorado, and idaho

  • coxey’s army was marchers in washington against the gold standers who wanted paper money for workers

  • in re debs supreme court sided with american railway union

  • AFL was pure and simple unionism for workers while the knights were more universal brotherhood

  • silver standard would make creditors unwilling to extend loans because the value of money would be uncertain

  • william mckinley’s victory 1896

  • black farmers in upper south in factories, while black farmers in the rice kindom aquiered land and did self sufficient farming

  • color blind laws disadvantaged black votes with poll tax, literacy tests, and grandfather clause

  • plessy v ferguson unded 15th amendement

  • lynchings in south; ida b wells was against

  • lost cause myth romanticized. slavery

  • atlanta compromise washington encouraged black people to fight for mutual progress, vocational education, etc.

  • racial idealigy challeged by for womens rights in national association of colored womens

  • kansas exodus blacks escaped from south

  • ne immigrants from italy, russia, and AH; distinct races and lower class

  • immigration restriction league blamed immigrants and lowered who could ehter US

  • 1903 chinese could not even enter US

  • australian secret ballot was made to limit undesirable voters

  • 1902 chinese exculsion act permenant, 1882 established

  • chinese citizens register with government for identification papers

  • 1998 citizenship rewarded to children of chinese immigrants

  • fong yue ting v unites states authorized federal government to excpel chinese aliens 1893

  • women’s temperance movement w frances willard led to even more political reform to go against foreign vote/immigrants