HGAP UNIT 4 Blooket
country that has spatial extent, permanent population, defined borders, sovereign government, recognition from other states
a)state
group of people with shared similar culture, historical attachment to area/homeland, seek some degree of political control over that homeland
a)nation
state where the borders of a national group's homeland coincides with the borders of the state, population is linked through common culture and history, tend to be small and somewhat isolated
a)nation-state
national group spread out over several different states, minority group in each state, have little to no political power in each state
a)stateless nation
country with several national groups within their borders, often one group is dominant and controls political, economic, and social power
a)multinational state
national group's homeland has a state of its own and also spreads across its borders into other countries, national group controls political, economic, and social power in its own country and influences other countries
a)multistate nation
defined areas inside a state, degree of self government and freedom to govern themselves
a)Autonomous/Semi-Autonomous Regions
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.
a)redlining
people have a right to govern themselves; often a nation/ethnicity that wants to have its own state
a)Self-determination
The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller countries.
a)balkanization
larger idea of creating an empire by exerting force to control other nations often from afar
a)Imperialism
the actual practice of claiming territories and settling there to exert economic and social control
a)colonialism
A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa
a)Berlin Conference
the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the central government to the lower governments
a)devolution
the right of a state to rule over itself
a)Sovereignty
connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land
a)territoriality
areas where larger regional or global political or cultural divisions collide and cause conflict at a large scale
a)shatterbelts
former boundary that no longer exists but still holds some kind of significance (economic, cultural, etc)
a)relic boundary
boundaries that are drawn by outside powers and tend to ignore existing boundaries of social, cultural, or ethnic differences
a)superimposed boundary
boundaries drawn well before the area is populated and a cultural landscape is established
a)antecedent boundary
boundary that follows a straight line, often latitude or longitude lines; can also be superimposed or antecedent
a)geometric boundary
boundaries drawn where people with cultures have already established
a)subsequent boundary
a kind of subsequent boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing differences among people such as ethnicity, religion, and more
a)consequent boundary
exclusive economic zone, as established in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a zone of exploration extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from a coastal state
a)EEZ
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: a code of maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 nautical mile wide exclusive economic zones.
a)UNCLOS
A region where no military forces or weapons are permitted.
a)demilitarized zone
The area of sea and airspace around a country's recognized as being under that country's jurisdiction measured in nautical miles
a)territorial zone
can enforce customs, immigration, and sanitation laws
a)contiguous zone
local geographic area of a larger country in which you vote for representatives to congress; determined by redistricting after each census
a)voting districts
internal political boundaries are redrawn after a census which determine voting districts for legislatures
a)redistricting
the majority party in power of the state legislature redraws the districts to give them a partisan advantage
a)gerrymandering
changing amount of representatives based on population
a)Reapportionment
making a district full of the opposition party voters
a)packing
spreading out the opposition party voters throughout many districts
a)cracking
a zone where no state exercises complete political control
a)frontier
the areas of the sea that are not under the jurisdiction of any country
a)international waters
An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials
a)unitary state
allocates strong power to units of local government within the country
a)Federal State
three or more countries agree to give up a degree of autonomy (self government) in order to pursue common goals. (ex. European Union)
a)Supranationalism
Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.
a)balance of powers
An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.
a)European Union
Military alliance created in 1949 made up of 12 non-Communist countries including the United States that support each other if attacked.
a)NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO
a)Warsaw Pact
the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non-state actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion, or intimidation
a)Terrorism
A venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. The European Union is one such organization
a)supranational organization
An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
a)United Nations
(syn Common Market) an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among its members
a)European Union (EU)
a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country
a)Irredentism
the tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence. A fundamental centrifugal force.
a)Ethnonationalism
Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
a)Balkanization
when states argue about the location of the border
a)positional dispute
(syn boundary dispute, functional dispute) disagreement between states over the control of surface area
a)territorial dispute
dispute that occurs when resources lie within a border region
a)allocational dispute
An agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico
a)NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
treaty between two or more states who agree on trade, tariffs, taxes, and often include investment guarantees
a)trade agreement
An international organization linking together the 10 most important countries of Southeast Asia
a)ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
regional organization in the world that combines political, military and economic goals. Seeks an end to colonialism and apartheid in Africa.
a)African Union (AU)
identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth
a)ethnicity
identity with people who share a physiological trait
a)race
Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there.
a)nationality
Legal separation of races into different geographic areas
a)Apartheid
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
a)nationalism