Western Civ
Western Civ Unit 12 Review Sheet
Political Causes of FR | Absolutism, lack of representation in Estates General, influence of Enlightenment ideas | ||
Economic Causes of FR | Heavy taxation on Third Estate, government debt, lavish spending by monarchy, crop failures | ||
Social Causes of FR | Inequality among the Estates, rise of bourgeoisie, spread of Enlightenment ideals | ||
How did the Scientific Revolution and the Renaissance lead to the Enlightenment? | fostering a spirit of inquiry emphasizing reason, and challenging traditional authority, ultimately leading to the enlightenment’s focus on human rights, progress, and the power of reason | ||
Adam Smith’s Laissez Faire Economics | Supply and demand/ government had minimal control of the economy/market capitalism | ||
Describe actions taken by Philip II to defend the Catholic Church. | Philip II, a devout Catholic, took several actions to defend the Catholic Church, including:
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What led to the decline of the Spanish Empire? | Costly wars, economic decline, inflation from American silver, defeat of the Spanish Armada | ||
Explain the steps Peter the Great took to modernize/westernize Russia. | Peter the Great modernized the Russian army by reorganizing it. He adopted European military tactics and training methods, establishing a standing army. Founded the Russian Navy: Social and Cultural Changes: Western Dress and Customs: Peter encouraged the adoption of Western European dress, manners, and customs, including requiring men to shave their beards and wear Western clothing. Promoted Education: He opened schools and universities, and sent talented individuals to study abroad in Western Europe. Established 1st Newspapers and the Russian Language: Reformed the Calendar: | ||
What was the Napoleonic code/describe positives and negatives | Positives of the Napoleonic Code: Equality Before the Law: The code established the principle of equality for all male citizens, regardless of birth or status, and abolished feudal privileges. Protection of Property Rights. Abolition of Feudalism. Simplified Legal System. Influence on Other Countries
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What were the Reforms of the Absolute Monarch Maria Theresa? | Centralized government, improved tax system, strengthened army, education reforms | ||
What was the Petition of Right? What rights did it limit? | Limited king’s power; prohibited taxation without Parliament’s consent, banned imprisonment without trial | ||
Was the English Revolution of 1688 “glorious”? |
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What led to the downfall of Napoleon? What battles/what invasion | Failed Russian invasion, Battle of Leipzig (1813), defeated at Waterloo (1815) | ||
major outcome of the Peace of Westphalia | Ended Thirty Years’ War, weakened Holy Roman Empire, recognized sovereignty of German states | ||
All Absolute monarchs attempted to do this | Centralize power | ||
Effect of Louis XIV's persecution of the Huguenots | Many fled France, hurting economy and weakening skilled workforce | ||
Edict of Nantes | Gave rights to the Huguenots / French Protestents | ||
Divine right | God gives kings the right to rule | ||
Negative effects of Louis XIV’s wars and building of Versailles | Deficit spending bankruptcy | ||
Defeat of Spanish Armada effects |
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Effect of Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights |
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rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror led to what in France What was the Committee of Public Safety who did they target? |
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Did the Concordat of 1801 signed by the Catholic Church and Napoleon increase or decrease the Churches power? |
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