Untitled Flashcards Set

Here are your flashcards numbered:

1. Psychodynamic Theory Front: Psychodynamic theory, also called the ______ (psychoanalytic / humanistic) approach, originates from Freud’s work.
   Back: psychoanalytic

2. Front: One major criticism of Freud’s theories is that they are ______ (easily testable / difficult to prove with empirical data).
   Back: difficult to prove with empirical data

3. Front: Which aspects of Freud’s theories remain relevant in modern psychology?
   Back: Some aspects remain relevant, but others are outdated or controversial.

4. Freud’s Background & Hysteria Front: Freud was an ______ (Austrian / German) physician specializing in ______ (cardiology / neurology).
   Back: Austrian, neurology

5. Front: The term "hysteria" has historical roots in the Greek word for ______ (mind / uterus) and was used to describe psychological symptoms in women.
   Back: uterus

6. Front: True or False: The term "hysteria" is still commonly used in modern psychology.
   Back: False

7. Freud’s Psychoanalysis & Free Association Front: Freud developed ______ (psychoanalysis / cognitive therapy), a therapeutic technique based on free association, fantasies, and dreams.
   Back: psychoanalysis

8. Front: In free association, a person responds with the ______ (most thought-out / first) thought that comes to mind when given a word or image.
   Back: first

9. Front: Freud believed free association provided insight into the ______ (conscious / unconscious) mind.
   Back: unconscious

10. Freud’s Structure of the Mind Front: Freud divided the mind into three parts: id, ego, and ______ (conscious / superego).
    Back: superego

11. Front: Which part of Freud’s structure is the most primitive and driven by basic instincts like hunger and aggression?
    Back: Id

12. Front: The ego mediates between the ______ (id / superego) and reality.
    Back: id

13. Front: Which part of the mind acts as the moral compass, shaped by societal norms?
    Back: Superego

14. Front: Freud compared the structure of the mind to an ______ (iceberg / ocean), with most of it hidden beneath the surface.
    Back: iceberg

15. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Front: Freud argued that personality develops through ______ (psychosexual / cognitive) stages during childhood.
    Back: psychosexual

16. Front: Which psychosexual stage is linked to behaviors like smoking or excessive gum chewing if fixation occurs?
    Back: Oral stage

17. Front: An "anal personality" (e.g., being overly organized or controlling) may result from fixation in which stage?
    Back: Anal stage

18. Front: True or False: Fixation in a psychosexual stage occurs when unresolved conflicts persist into adulthood.
    Back: True

19. Personality and Internal Conflict Front: Freud believed personality arises from conflicts between the ______ (id, ego, and superego / conscious and unconscious).
    Back: id, ego, and superego

20. Front: Conflicts between the id, ego, and superego cause ______ (motivation / anxiety).
    Back: anxiety

21. Front: Freud suggested that individuals manage anxiety using ______ (problem-solving / defense mechanisms).
    Back: defense mechanisms

22. Front: Give two examples of defense mechanisms Freud proposed.
    Back: Repression, denial

23. Defense Mechanisms Front: Freud proposed that we manage internal anxieties caused by unconscious conflicts through ______ (defense mechanisms / coping strategies).
    Back: defense mechanisms

24. Front: One of the most well-known defense mechanisms is ______ (repression / displacement), where we push disturbing thoughts out of conscious awareness.
    Back: repression

25. Front: Repression is commonly discussed in the context of ______ (emotional regulation / cognitive processing).
    Back: emotional regulation

26. Front: The defense mechanism where a person attributes their own thoughts or feelings to someone else is called ______ (projection / introjection).
    Back: projection

27. Front: A person questioning their own identity but accusing someone else of being confused is an example of ______ (projection / suppression).
    Back: projection

28. Front: Later theorists ______ (expanded / discarded) Freud’s original list of defense mechanisms.
    Back: expanded

29. Front: Two less commonly discussed but still relevant defense mechanisms are ______ (introjection / sublimation) and (displacement / fixation).
    Back: introjection, displacement

30. Measuring Personality: Projective Techniques Front: Unlike personality inventories, which use structured assessments, the psychodynamic approach relies on ______ (behavioral observations / projective techniques).
    Back: projective techniques

31. Front: Projective techniques are based on ______ (repression / projection), where people unconsciously transfer their thoughts onto something else.
    Back: projection

32. Front: A common projective technique involves showing an ______ (inkblot / photograph) and asking, “What do you see?”
    Back: inkblot

33. Front: If a person’s response to a projective test is within the typical range, it suggests ______ (no major psychological issues / unresolved conflicts).
    Back: no major psychological issues

34. Rorschach Inkblot Test Front: The most well-known projective test, where individuals describe what they see in abstract inkblots, is the ______ (Thematic Apperception Test / Rorschach Inkblot Test).
    Back: Rorschach Inkblot Test

35. Front: Common responses to the Rorschach test, such as “butterfly” or “moth,” are considered ______ (typical / abnormal).
    Back: typical

36. Front: Freud suggested that individuals with unresolved psychosexual conflicts might interpret inkblots ______ (similarly to others / differently).
    Back: differently

37. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Front: The ______ (Rorschach Inkblot Test / Thematic Apperception Test) requires participants to create a story about ambiguous scenes.
    Back: Thematic Apperception Test

38. Front: The goal of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is to analyze how individuals interpret ______ (ambiguous / structured) situations.
    Back: ambiguous

39. Controversy and Modern Use Front: True or False: Projective techniques are still widely used in modern psychology. (True / False)
    Back: False

40. Front: One major criticism of projective tests is their ______ (validity and reliability / length and complexity).
    Back: validity and reliability

41. Front: Projective techniques aim to uncover ______ (unconscious thoughts / surface-level traits) that structured personality tests might miss.
    Back: unconscious thoughts

42. Projective Techniques and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Front: In the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), unique details in a person’s response are thought to reflect aspects of their ______ (personality / intelligence) or early childhood experiences.
    Back: personality

43. Front: A TAT image showing an older man speaking to a younger man might commonly be interpreted as ______ (a lawyer and client / a father and son arguing).
    Back: a lawyer and client

44. Front: If someone interprets a TAT image in a deeply personal way, a clinician might follow up with ______ (a structured questionnaire / open-ended questions).
    Back: open-ended questions

45. Challenges of Interpreting Projective Tests Front: Unlike standardized personality assessments like the MMPI, projective techniques are ______ (easier / harder) to interpret.
    Back: harder

46. Front: One major issue with projective tests is their reliance on ______ (objective analysis / clinician judgment), which can introduce bias.
    Back: clinician judgment

47. Front: Projective tests are often considered ______ (more / less) reliable than structured assessments.
    Back: less

48. Transitioning to the Social-Cognitive Approach Front: The ______ (trait / psychodynamic) approach focuses on unconscious conflicts and early experiences.
    Back: psychodynamic

49. Front: The social-cognitive approach has its roots in ______ (behaviorism / psychoanalysis).
    Back: behaviorism

50. What is Behaviorism? Front: Behaviorism suggests that our actions are shaped by past experiences with ______ (rewards and punishments / genetics and biology).
    Back: rewards and punishments

51. Front: In a classic behaviorist experiment, a rat is trained to press a button for a food pellet. This demonstrates ______ (reinforcement / classical conditioning).
    Back: reinforcement

52. The Social-Cognitive Approach Front: The social-cognitive approach builds on behaviorism by emphasizing the impact of ______ (social feedback / fixed personality traits) on behavior.
    Back: social feedback

53. Front: According to social-cognitive theorists, personality is ______ (rigid / flexible) and may change across different situations.
    Back: flexible

54. Front: A person may act differently with their parents than with their friends due to ______ (fixed personality traits / social reinforcement).
    Back: social reinforcement

55. The Role of Evolution and Social Behavior Front: Humans are an ultra-social species, meaning our survival depends on our ability to ______ (interact with others / avoid social interactions).
    Back: interact with others

56. Front: Social feedback plays a crucial role in ______ (adapting behaviors / ignoring societal norms).
    Back: adapting behaviors

57. Personal Constructs and Outcome Expectancies Front: Personal constructs are the ______ (traits we use to describe others / emotions we suppress in social situations).
    Back: traits we use to describe others

58. Front: Outcome expectancies shape personality by influencing our beliefs about how behaviors affect our ______ (social status / goals).
    Back: goals

59. Front: If someone values academic success, they might believe that ______ (studying / procrastinating) will help them reach their goal.
    Back: studying

60. The Humanistic Approach Front: The humanistic approach emphasizes ______ (free will / unconscious desires) in personal growth.
    Back: free will

61. Front: According to humanistic psychology, personality differences arise from factors that either help or hinder ______ (self-actualization / genetic predisposition).
    Back: self-actualization

62. Front: Freud believed childhood experiences shape personality, while humanists argue that ______ (biological inheritance / personal growth and life experiences) play a more significant role.
    Back: personal growth and life experiences

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