Week 11: Tudor - Demission Letter of Mary Queen of Scots

Issued by Mary, Queen of Scots, on July 25 1567. This document outlines her abdication of the throne in favor of her son.

1. Context of Abdication:

- Mary expresses her exhaustion and inability to continue governing Scotland due to long-standing pains and labors since her arrival in the realm.

- She states her desire to see her son, the prince, crowned and ruling over Scotland during her lifetime.

2. Renunciation of Authority:

- Mary officially renounces her role as queen and transfers governance of Scotland to her son, whom she refers to as the "native prince" of the realm.

- This transfer is made with the understanding that her son is too young to rule himself during his minority.

3. Appointment of Regent:

- Mary appoints her half-brother, James Stewart, Earl of Moray, as the regent for her son during his minority until he reaches the age of seventeen.

- She recognizes James' loyalty, ability, and affection for both her and her son, believing he will govern wisely.

4. Powers of the Regent:

- The regent has full authority to manage kingdom affairs, including receiving land resignations and managing resources, as well as ensuring the stability and governance of the realm.

- All subjects are commanded to obey the regent.

5. Contingency for Regent's Absence:

- Because James Stewart may not be in Scotland immediately or may refuse the position, Mary appoints several noblemen as regents, stating they may act as a council until James can take his role.

6. Solemn Oath of James:

- A formal oath is taken by James, in which he promises to govern according to God’s will and maintain the true religion, ensuring justice and equity for all subjects.

- He commits to preserving the rights of the crown and opposing false religion.

7. Inauguration of the Prince:

- Following the oath, the estates of the realm, including nobles and ministers, convene to anoint and crown Mary's son as king.

- Ceremonial practices, including the delivery of the sword, sceptre, and crown, are performed, marking the official inauguration.

8. Community Declarations:

- The nobles and representatives promise allegiance and obedience to the newly crowned king, solidifying his authority and connection to the people as their native prince.

Conclusion

The document not only reflects Mary's political predicament and the transition of power to her son but also establishes the necessary governance framework during the prince's minority, emphasizing loyalty, duty, and religious commitment that were crucial for the stability of the monarchy in 16th-century Scotland.