Research in Psychology

Importance of using empirical information to validate theories and ideas about human behavior.
Psychology relies on research to support or refute theories.

Definition: A systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge.
Emphasizes using proven scientific methods to develop theories regarding human behavior.
Steps involved in the scientific method:
- Step 1: Develop a Theory
- Definition: A theory is an idea proposed to explain facts; it is not yet proven.
- Step 2: Formulate a Hypothesis
- Definition: A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.
- Structure: Typically formulated as if-then statements (e.g., "If this happens, then this will occur.").
- Outcome after testing: The hypothesis may be accepted, rejected, or revised based on research findings.

Identifying the Population and Sample
- Population: The large group from which a sample is drawn, representing the entire subject under study.
- Example: All men if researching average height.
- Sample: A smaller portion of the population selected for the study, which should be a representative subset.
- Example: Instead of sampling NBA players, find a broader group of men for height measurement.
- Importance of Random Sampling:
- Random sampling ensures every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Key concept: "Equal chance" is critical to obtaining an unbiased, representative sample.
- Misguided sampling: Avoid choosing individuals from specific classes or groups, which could introduce bias.
- Fair sampling method: Place all names in a bucket and randomly select a predetermined number (e.g., 30 names).

Incorporation of the Scientific Method:
1. Develop a theory as a foundation for further investigation.
2. Formulate a testable hypothesis.
3. Define the population relevant to the hypothesis.
4. Select a random sample from the population to conduct the study.
Preparation to conduct specific types of research following these steps.