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  • What does it mean for an organism to be an animal? What does it mean for an animal to be an invertebrate?

  • What are the three categories as it relates to animal body plan symmetry? What do these categories mean and give examples of animals in each of these categories?

  • What are some of the factors which cause sponges to be unique compared to other animals?

  • Compare the functions of the Choanocytes, Pinacocytes, Porocytes and Amebocytes in sponges.

  • What forms of reproduction are sponges capable of?

  • Describe the structure and function of cnidocytes and nematocysts.

  • What forms of reproduction are Cnidarians capable of?

  • Compare and contrast the major classes of Cnidarians described in the lecture notes.

  • What are zooxanthellae and how do they relate to anthozoan cnidarians?

  • Compare and contrast Cnidarians and Ctenophores. How are they similar? How are they different? If you were presented with a living specimen, how would you determine which group it belonged to?

  • Pick and describe one of the bilaterally symmetrical marine worms. Be sure to mention its phylum, diet, environment / oceanic region that it would be found in, and if there are any significant human interactions that this species or group is known for.

  • Compare and contrast the classes of molluscs mentioned in the lecture notes.

  • Pick and describe a specific species of mollusk. Be sure to mention its name, its two-part scientific name, which class it is in, what its diet is, which marine environment it is a part of and what sort of interactions it has with humans. (Note: You will need information beyond just the lecture notes to answer this question, but information from the textbook is sufficient. Other sources of information may be used as well.)

  • Pick and describe a specific species of marine arthropod. Be sure to mention its name, its two-part scientific name, which class it is in, what its diet is, which marine environment it is a part of and what sort of interactions it has with humans. (Note: You will need information beyond just the lecture notes to answer this question, but information from the textbook is sufficient. Other sources of information may be used as well.)

  • What are lophophorates, what phyla are included and what features do they share?

  • Compare and contrast the classes of echinoderms presented in the lecture notes.

  • How can an organism be both an invertebrate and a Chordate? What are the two subphyla of invertebrate chordates and how do they compare to each other.