Renaissance review

The Renaissance (1350–1600)  

1. Definition and Origins  

- What does "Renaissance" mean? 

- Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?  

- Role of wealthy patrons like the Medici family -

2. Humanism  

- Definition of humanism and its focus on human potential and achievements  

- Key humanist writers: Petrarch, Erasmus, Thomas More (Utopia)  

3. Art and Architecture  

- Key features of Renaissance art: perspective, realism, use of light and shadow  

- Comparison of medieval and Renaissance art  

- Major artists (key facts about each)

  - Leonardo da Vinci (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper)  

  - Michelangelo (David, Sistine Chapel Ceiling)  

  - Raphael (School of Athens)  

4. Literature and Philosophy  

- Influence of classical texts from Greece and Rome  

- Printing press: impact of Johann Gutenberg and the spread of Renaissance ideas 

- Key works: Machiavelli’s The Prince (what are the key facts?)

5. Science and Exploration  

- Key inventions: telescope, compass, and printing press  

- Scientific advances: Copernicus, Galileo, and heliocentric theory  

The Protestant Reformation (1517–1648)  

1. Background and Causes  

- Corruption in the Catholic Church (e.g., sale of indulgences, simony)  

- Martin Luther's 95 Theses: purpose and impact  

- Role of the printing press in spreading Reformation ideas  

2. Key Figures (give detailed facts about each figure)

- Martin Luther: beliefs, Justification by Faith Alone, and split from the Church  

- John Calvin: predestination and the establishment of Calvinism  

- Henry VIII: English Reformation and the creation of the Church of England  

- Counter-Reformation leaders: Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits  

3. Key Events and Documents  

- Diet of Worms and Luther's excommunication  

- Peace of Augsburg (1555): "Cuius regio, eius religio"  

- Council of Trent and its role in the Counter-Reformation  

4. Social and Political Effects  

- Facts about the rise of Protestant denominations (e.g., Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism)

- Facts about the decline of Catholic Church's political power  

- Facts about the religious wars (e.g., Thirty Years' War)  

Comparative Questions  

- How did the Renaissance influence the Reformation?  

- Differences between Catholic and Protestant beliefs during the Reformation  

- Comparison of humanist and Reformation ideas  

Study Tips  

1. Vocabulary Terms  

- Renaissance: humanism, secularism, patronage, perspective  

- Reformation: indulgences, heresy, predestination, excommunication  

2. Key events to know about  

- 1450: Invention of the printing press 

- 1517: Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses  

- 1534: Act of Supremacy (Henry VIII establishes Church of England)  

- 1555: Peace of Augsburg  

3. Practice Identifications  

- Be able to identify paintings, quotes, or key contributions of individuals (e.g., works by Leonardo da Vinci or phrases from the 95 Theses).  

HONORS Short Answer/Essay Questions  

1. How did the Renaissance ideas of humanism challenge the authority of the Church?  

2. What were the main theological differences between Martin Luther and the Catholic Church?  

3. How did the invention of the printing press impact both the Renaissance and the Reformation?  

HONORS Additions  

- Explain in detail Machiavelli's political philosophy and evidence we see in our world today. 

- Explain in detail the connections between Renaissance exploration and the spread of Protestantism along with evidence we see of both today.