Final Art Exam 1
Here's a summarized version of the art history questions:
Romanticism: Valued intuition and emotion over reason and calculation.
Edmund Burke & the "Sublime": Defined as awe mixed with fear.
Landscape Painting Popularity: Grew as cities became more common, offering appealing images of unspoiled countryside.
Landscape Painting Theme: Expressed the soul unified with nature.
Bierstadt's Paintings: Reinforced the idea of Manifest Destiny.
Realist Artists' Influence: Observation and direct experience.
Realist Art Subjects: Peasants, laborers, mundane subjects.
Impressionism Definition: Capturing fleeting moments directly.
Clement Greenberg on Modernism: Openly displays methods and materials instead of hiding them for realistic illusions.
Monet's Cathedral Series: Recorded light movement over time and conditions.
Inspiration from Japanese Woodblock Prints (Japonisme): Flat, unmodulated areas of color.
Post-Impressionism Difference: More systematic, analytical, expressive use of color, line, and form.
Van Gogh on Color: Used to strongly suggest emotion.
Cezanne's Depiction: Objects from different viewpoints simultaneously to understand 3D form.
Cezanne's Influence: Cubism.
Matisse & Fauvism: Conveyed meaning through color.
Analytic Cubism: "Collapses time and space" by showing multiple facets at once.
Synthetic Cubism: Uses real materials on the painting surface.
Futurism: Celebrated technology's speed; Marinetti valued a speeding airplane over classical Greek sculpture.
Dadaism: Believed anarchy, irrationality, and intuition offered humanity salvation after disastrous 20th-century events.
Suprematism & Constructivism: Promoted utopian ideals and art's ability to improve the world.
Malevich's Basic Form: The square, for non-objective art.
Malevich's Belief: Everyone would intuitively understand his art through shape and color.
Breton's Surrealist Manifesto: Dreams can free imagination from logic.
Miro's Art: Based on accidental splashes of paint.
Existentialism: Denied God's existence, emphasizing individual moral struggle.
Shift to US Art Focus: US economy outpaced Europe, creating a market for new art.
Abstract Expressionism Goal: Expressing state of mind, affecting viewers emotionally.
Greenbergian Formalism: Values paintings with only gestural lines, shapes, and colors.
Pollock's Emphasis: Process in gestural abstraction.
Rosenberg's "Action Painting": Describes energetic interaction between painter and canvas.
Post-Painterly Abstraction: Lacks artist's "hand", projects cool rationality.
Frankenthaler's Technique: Diluting paint, staining canvas.
Still's Titles: Dates only, rejecting representational art.
Minimalist Sculptors: Emphasized "objecthood" using industrial materials and simple forms.
Pop Art Success in US: Consumer culture was more developed.
Pop Art Reaction: Against pure abstraction, reintroducing signs and mass media.
Warhol's Silkscreen: Reinforced connection to consumer culture, enabling endless image production.
Oldenberg's Alterations: Oversized scale or stuffed vinyl/canvas.
Hanson's Sculptures: Reflected the emptiness and resignation of ordinary lives.
Site-Specific Art: Created for a unique location.
Performance Art Intersection: Art and life.
Kaprow's "Happenings": Unrehearsed, participatory, in ordinary places.
Conceptual Art's Core: The idea.
First Global Art Exhibition: ‘Magiciens de la Terre’.
Complaint About ‘Magiciens de la Terre’: Took place in European city
Problem with Political Art: Viewers might not understand its political message without a curatorial statement.
Cai Guo-Qiang's Title: Meant metaphorically. Marco polo
Cai Guo-Qiang's Gunpowder: Reference to China inventing it.
Gonzalez-Torres's Candy/Posters: Directly involved the public, undermining expensive art.
Gonzalez-Torres's Meaning: Personal.
1991 Art Market: Prices dropped, genuine collectors returned.
Emergence of Diverse Art: Results in the end of movements in artmaking.
Whitney Biennial Changes: More diverse and inclusive due to curators' role.
**Godfrey's Portrayal of