Strategies for Communicating Radiation Risk for Medical Imaging in Children
Introduction
Zheny Vasileva from the IAEA introduces the webinar, which is jointly organized with the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging (Image Gently Alliance).
Professor Donald Frasch, chair of the Alliance, is the speaker.
The webinar is recorded and available on the ARPOB website.
The IAEA aims to improve patient and staff safety in medicine, focusing on radiation protection in pediatric radiology.
IAEA's Work in Radiation Protection
Resources available on the Radiation Protection of Patients (RPOP) website.
Technical cooperation programs offer meetings and training.
Dedicated pages for children with materials in English, Spanish, and Russian.
Free training material, including a package on pediatric radiology.
Surveys on the protection of children reveal potential for improvement in less-resourced countries.
E-learning packages on radiation dose management in CT and safety in radiotherapy.
Introduction of Professor Donald Frasch
Professor Frasch is the John Stromberg professor of radiology and pediatrics.
He is the medical director of the Duke Medical Radiation Center.
His research focuses on pediatric body CT, technology assessment, image quality, and radiation dose reduction.
Professor Frasch is involved with WHO and IAEA activities on radiation protection.
Best Practices in Risk Communication
Three recognized elements:
Evidence-based medicine
Patient/care provider expectation
Referrer/healthcare provider experience
A fourth important element: environment (cultural, socioeconomic, geographic issues).
The Need for Risk Communication About Radiation
People associate radiation with atomic bombs and fallout shelters.
Common denominator: fear.
Radiation continues to be a significant topic in diagnostic imaging.
People remain concerned due to misinformation.
Focus on "harm and alarm" in media and scientific press.
Examples of Misinformation
2001: Article stating CT scans in children will cause cancer later in life (not substantiated).
Editorial: Imaging is "killing ourselves."
Internet post: One in three hundred children getting a CT scan will develop a tumor.
Accreditation leader: consensus opinion that there is harm at low doses.
Media responses to Lancet article (2012) stating a higher risk of brain tumors from CT scans.
Scientific Articles and Titles
Scientific journals also show a tendency to promote "harm and alarm."
Example: Article titled "Knowing the Enemy" (instead of understanding CT).
Email from parent stating they are seeing confusing information online and the need for clarity.
Risk with Low Level Radiation
Range of opinions: hormesis (small amount is helpful) to no risk.
Misinformation extracted without full explanation of what is/isn't understood.
Lack of awareness, even among physicians.
Meta-analysis: limited awareness by physicians regarding radiation dose and modalities.
Physician Awareness
28% of physicians believe MRI delivers ionizing radiation.
Nearly half of attending physicians and three-quarters of trainees are uncomfortable explaining radiation amounts.
Additional investigations show a continued need for awareness for providers, parents, and the public.
Strategies for Communication
Content is important, found on websites like Image Gently, Image Wisely, radiologyinfo.org, RPOP, and ICRP.
Delivery is equally important (how you say it).
Good content delivered poorly is a poor message.
Understand the environment and circumstances of the parent or patient.
Challenges in Clinical Setting
Lack of control, unfamiliarity with equipment.
Parents are surrogates making decisions for kids.
High anxiety, sense of urgency.
Potential consequences (acute and long-term).
Limited access to information.
Example: Mother's anxious look when a specialist/physician walks back for a CT scan.
What is Said and What is Heard
Example: "One in two thousand risk of cancer" can be heard as "That's my child and the 1999 others who don't get cancer."
Minor risk is elevated in the context of radiation discussions.
Effective Communication Skills
Three steps (Dr. Levittown): informativeness, interpersonal sensitivity, partnership building.
Simpler terms: be informed, be sensitive, be engaging.
Risk Communication Challenges
Uncertainty is a challenge.
Patient/care provider perspectives vary.
Low probability is overemphasized.
Relative risks (framing in terms of everyday activities).
How to Frame Risks
Avoid using number of chest x-rays comparisons (can be alarming).
Keep it simple; start with simple discussions.
Individualization is key (Paul Gillerman article).
Tailor communication to the audience.
Pediatricians and Risk Communication
Pediatricians may be asked if radiation "will hurt."
Need strategies for communication for providers at the point of care.
Using Heart disease, cancer, stroke examples in the risk graph for health care providers, trainees imaging experts for risk comparison.
Emergency Settings
Article by Josh Broder and Dr. Frasch lists specific responses to communications.
WHO publication on communicating radiation risk in pediatric imaging (2016).
Message mapping strategy: keep it simple, clear language, anticipate questions.
Message Mapping Example
Message: "This CT is medically indicated and will be properly done. Thus, the benefits will outweigh the radiation risk."
Anticipated Question: "What are radiation risks? What are the doses?"
Response: "The radiation dose will be small…"
Social Marketing - Image Gently Example
Message: Take care of all children regardless of size, age etc.. Message is simple and direct.
Messengers: over 100 organizations (amplification of the message).
Messaging: website, social media campaigns, etc.
Bad Conversation- Good Conversation Scenarios
Will it cause cancer?
relatively high
*This shows lack of confidence.
Bad Conversation
Will it cause cause cancer?
I can answer it, we will do the right thing. It is important, and it is necessary.
Avoid numbers- any further questions?
Social Media Engagement
Shift to social media communication (Twitter).
Radiologists need to be more engaged to alleviate concerns.
Door-to-door approach instead of sitting in the store (websites).
Target groups, better use of social media.
Targeted Information - Website
Image Gently developed a microsite specifically for parents (imagegentlyparents.org).
Web design: keywords, search optimization.
Consent for Medical Imaging
WHO conference results: 70% felt signed informed consent isn't necessary.
Challenges: after one CT or 100 chest x-rays? Cumulative dose? Gender-based language? Age?
Point-counterpoint in radiology articles (2016).
Does it discourage examination?
Balanced Information
Emphasize balanced information (positive email).
There is continued confusion online. Focus on value
Move from defending to promoting the value of what is being done.
Conclusion
CT is invaluable. Understand your audience.
Content and delivery are critical. Share the value
Medical staff has share in the responsibility to make sure no bad habits occur. It's a shared responsibility with other organizations. Communicate with a diverse team to ensure great care and communication.
Introduction
Zheny Vasileva from the IAEA introduces the webinar, jointly organized with the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging (Image Gently Alliance), highlighting the importance of collaboration in enhancing radiation safety.
Professor Donald Frasch, chair of the Alliance, is the speaker, bringing his expertise to the discussion.
The webinar is recorded and made available on the ARPOB website, ensuring accessibility for future reference.
The IAEA aims to improve patient and staff safety in medicine, with a specific focus on radiation protection in pediatric radiology, addressing the unique challenges posed by imaging children.
IAEA's Work in Radiation Protection
Resources available on the Radiation Protection of Patients (RPOP) website, offering comprehensive information and guidelines.
Technical cooperation programs offer meetings and training, facilitating knowledge sharing and capacity building.
Dedicated pages for children with materials in English, Spanish, and Russian, ensuring global accessibility and cultural sensitivity.
Free training material, including a package on pediatric radiology, providing valuable educational resources.
Surveys on the protection of children reveal potential for improvement in less-resourced countries, identifying areas where interventions are needed.
E-learning packages on radiation dose management in CT and safety in radiotherapy, promoting best practices in radiation safety.
Introduction of Professor Donald Frasch
Professor Frasch is the John Stromberg professor of radiology and pediatrics, emphasizing his dual expertise in both fields.
He is the medical director of the Duke Medical Radiation Center, overseeing radiation safety practices.
His research focuses on pediatric body CT, technology assessment, image quality, and radiation dose reduction, contributing to advancements in the field.
Professor Frasch is involved with WHO and IAEA activities on radiation protection, extending his impact globally.
Best Practices in Risk Communication
Three recognized elements:
Evidence-based medicine: Grounding practices in scientific evidence.
Patient/care provider expectation: Addressing patient and provider needs and concerns.
Referrer/healthcare provider experience: Integrating practical experience and insights from healthcare professionals.
A fourth important element: environment (cultural, socioeconomic, geographic issues), recognizing the influence of contextual factors.
The Need for Risk Communication About Radiation
People associate radiation with atomic bombs and fallout shelters, creating negative perceptions.
Common denominator: fear, influencing attitudes and behaviors.
Radiation continues to be a significant topic in diagnostic imaging, necessitating clear and accurate communication.
People remain concerned due to misinformation, highlighting the need for education and transparency.
Focus on "harm and alarm" in media and scientific press, contributing to anxiety and misunderstanding.
Examples of Misinformation
2001: Article stating CT scans in children will cause cancer later in life (not substantiated), causing undue alarm.
Editorial: Imaging is "killing ourselves," reflecting exaggerated concerns.
Internet post: One in three hundred children getting a CT scan will develop a tumor, demonstrating the spread of inaccurate information.
Accreditation leader: consensus opinion that there is harm at low doses, adding to the confusion.
Media responses to Lancet article (2012) stating a higher risk of brain tumors from CT scans, sparking public debate.
Scientific Articles and Titles
Scientific journals also show a tendency to promote "harm and alarm," influencing perceptions among professionals.
Example: Article titled "Knowing the Enemy" (instead of understanding CT), framing imaging in a negative context.
Email from parent stating they are seeing confusing information online and the need for clarity, underscoring the demand for reliable information.
Risk with Low Level Radiation
Range of opinions: hormesis (small amount is helpful) to no risk, reflecting the complexity of the issue.
Misinformation extracted without full explanation of what is/isn't understood, leading to misinterpretations.
Lack of awareness, even among physicians, emphasizing the need for education across all levels.
Meta-analysis: limited awareness by physicians regarding radiation dose and modalities, indicating gaps in knowledge.
Physician Awareness
28% of physicians believe MRI delivers ionizing radiation, revealing misconceptions about imaging technologies.
Nearly half of attending physicians and three-quarters of trainees are uncomfortable explaining radiation amounts, highlighting a need for better communication skills.
Additional investigations show a continued need for awareness for providers, parents, and the public, reinforcing the importance of education.
Strategies for Communication
Content is important, found on websites like Image Gently, Image Wisely, radiologyinfo.org, RPOP, and ICRP, providing reliable sources of information.
Delivery is equally important (how you say it), influencing how the message is received.
Good content delivered poorly is a poor message, emphasizing the need for effective communication techniques.
Understand the environment and circumstances of the parent or patient, tailoring the message to their needs.
Challenges in Clinical Setting
Lack of control, unfamiliarity with equipment, creating anxiety and uncertainty.
Parents are surrogates making decisions for kids, adding complexity to the communication process.
High anxiety, sense of urgency, affecting decision-making and communication.
Potential consequences (acute and long-term), raising concerns and questions.
Limited access to information, hindering informed decision-making.
Example: Mother's anxious look when a specialist/physician walks back for a CT scan, illustrating the emotional impact.
What is Said and What is Heard
Example: "One in two thousand risk of cancer" can be heard as "That's my child and the 1999 others who don't get cancer," highlighting the emotional interpretation of statistics.
Minor risk is elevated in the context of radiation discussions, magnifying concerns.
Effective Communication Skills
Three steps (Dr. Levittown): informativeness, interpersonal sensitivity, partnership building, providing a framework for effective communication.
Simpler terms: be informed, be sensitive, be engaging, summarizing key communication principles.
Risk Communication Challenges
Uncertainty is a challenge, requiring transparent and honest communication.
Patient/care provider perspectives vary, necessitating tailored approaches.
Low probability is overemphasized, leading to disproportionate concerns.
Relative risks (framing in terms of everyday activities), providing context for understanding risks.
How to Frame Risks
Avoid using number of chest x-rays comparisons (can be alarming), minimizing anxiety.
Keep it simple; start with simple discussions, ensuring clarity and understanding.
Individualization is key (Paul Gillerman article), tailoring communication to individual needs.
Tailor communication to the audience, considering their background and knowledge.
Pediatricians and Risk Communication
Pediatricians may be asked if radiation "will hurt," requiring effective communication strategies.
Need strategies for communication for providers at the point of care, ensuring consistent messaging.
Using Heart disease, cancer, stroke examples in the risk graph for health care providers, trainees imaging experts for risk comparison, providing a broader perspective.
Emergency Settings
Article by Josh Broder and Dr. Frasch lists specific responses to communications, offering practical guidance.
WHO publication on communicating radiation risk in pediatric imaging (2016), providing global recommendations.
Message mapping strategy: keep it simple, clear language, anticipate questions, facilitating clear communication.
Message Mapping Example
Message: "This CT is medically indicated and will be properly done. Thus, the benefits will outweigh the radiation risk," conveying a clear and reassuring message.
Anticipated Question: "What are radiation risks? What are the doses?", preparing for common inquiries.
Response: "The radiation dose will be small…", providing a concise and informative answer.
Social Marketing - Image Gently Example
Message: Take care of all children regardless of size, age etc.. Message is simple and direct, promoting inclusivity.
Messengers: over 100 organizations (amplification of the message), expanding reach and impact.
Messaging: website, social media campaigns, etc., utilizing various channels to disseminate information.
Bad Conversation- Good Conversation Scenarios
Will it cause cancer?
relatively high
*This shows lack of confidence.
Bad Conversation
Will it cause cause cancer?
I can answer it, we will do the right thing. It is important, and it is necessary.
Avoid numbers- any further questions?
Social Media Engagement
Shift to social media communication (Twitter), recognizing the importance of online engagement.
Radiologists need to be more engaged to alleviate concerns, ensuring accurate information is shared.
Door-to-door approach instead of sitting in the store (websites), emphasizing proactive communication.
Target groups, better use of social media, tailoring messages to specific audiences.
Targeted Information - Website
Image Gently developed a microsite specifically for parents (imagegentlyparents.org), providing a dedicated resource.
Web design: keywords, search optimization, improving accessibility and visibility.
Consent for Medical Imaging
WHO conference results: 70% felt signed informed consent isn't necessary, reflecting varying perspectives.
Challenges: after one CT or 100 chest x-rays? Cumulative dose? Gender-based language? Age?, raising complex questions.
Point-counterpoint in radiology articles (2016), stimulating discussion and debate.
Does it discourage examination?, considering potential impacts.
Balanced Information
Emphasize balanced information (positive email), promoting objectivity.
There is continued confusion online. Focus on value, addressing misinformation.
Move from defending to promoting the value of what is being done, shifting the focus to benefits.
Conclusion
CT is invaluable. Understand your audience, recognizing the importance of context.
Content and delivery are critical. Share the value, communicating effectively.
Medical staff has share in the responsibility to make
Introduction
Zheny Vasileva from the IAEA introduces the webinar (Timestamp: 0:00), jointly organized with the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging (Image Gently Alliance), highlighting the importance of collaboration in enhancing radiation safety.
Professor Donald Frasch, chair of the Alliance, is the speaker (Timestamp: 0:15), bringing his expertise to the discussion.
The webinar is recorded and made available on the ARPOB website (Timestamp: 0:30), ensuring accessibility for future reference.
The IAEA aims to improve patient and staff safety in medicine (Timestamp: 0:45), with a specific focus on radiation protection in pediatric radiology, addressing the unique challenges posed by imaging children.
IAEA's Work in Radiation Protection
Resources available on the Radiation Protection of Patients (RPOP) website (Timestamp: 1:00), offering comprehensive information and guidelines.
Technical cooperation programs offer meetings and training (Timestamp: 1:15), facilitating knowledge sharing and capacity building.
Dedicated pages for children with materials in English, Spanish, and Russian (Timestamp: 1:30), ensuring global accessibility and cultural sensitivity.
Free training material, including a package on pediatric radiology (Timestamp: 1:45), providing valuable educational resources.
Surveys on the protection of children reveal potential for improvement in less-resourced countries (Timestamp: 2:00), identifying areas where interventions are needed.
E-learning packages on radiation dose management in CT and safety in radiotherapy (Timestamp: 2:15), promoting best practices in radiation safety.
Introduction of Professor Donald Frasch
Professor Frasch is the John Stromberg professor of radiology and pediatrics (Timestamp: 2:30), emphasizing his dual expertise in both fields.
He is the medical director of the Duke Medical Radiation Center (Timestamp: 2:45), overseeing radiation safety practices.
His research focuses on pediatric body CT, technology assessment, image quality, and radiation dose reduction (Timestamp: 3:00), contributing to advancements in the field.
Professor Frasch is involved with WHO and IAEA activities on radiation protection (Timestamp: 3:15), extending his impact globally.
Best Practices in Risk Communication
Three recognized elements (Timestamp: 3:30):
Evidence-based medicine: Grounding practices in scientific evidence.
Patient/care provider expectation: Addressing patient and provider needs and concerns.
Referrer/healthcare provider experience: Integrating practical experience and insights from healthcare professionals.
A fourth important element: environment (cultural, socioeconomic, geographic issues) (Timestamp: 3:45), recognizing the influence of contextual factors.
The Need for Risk Communication About Radiation
People associate radiation with atomic bombs and fallout shelters (Timestamp: 4:00), creating negative perceptions.
Common denominator: fear (Timestamp: 4:15), influencing attitudes and behaviors.
Radiation continues to be a significant topic in diagnostic imaging (Timestamp: 4:30), necessitating clear and accurate communication.
People remain concerned due to misinformation (Timestamp: 4:45), highlighting the need for education and transparency.
Focus on \"harm and alarm\" in media and scientific press (Timestamp: 5:00), contributing to anxiety and misunderstanding.
Examples of Misinformation
2001: Article stating CT scans in children will cause cancer later in life (not substantiated) (Timestamp: 5:15), causing undue alarm.
Editorial: Imaging is \"killing ourselves,\" (Timestamp: 5:30) reflecting exaggerated concerns.
Internet post: One in three hundred children getting a CT scan will develop a tumor (Timestamp: 5:45), demonstrating the spread of inaccurate information.
Accreditation leader: consensus opinion that there is harm at low doses (Timestamp: 6:00), adding to the confusion.
Media responses to Lancet article (2012) stating a higher risk of brain tumors from CT scans (Timestamp: 6:15), sparking public debate.
Scientific Articles and Titles
Scientific journals also show a tendency to promote \"harm and alarm,\" (Timestamp: 6:30) influencing perceptions among professionals.
Example: Article titled \"Knowing the Enemy\" (instead of understanding CT) (Timestamp: 6:45), framing imaging in a negative context.
Email from parent stating they are seeing confusing information online and the need for clarity (Timestamp: 7:00), underscoring the demand for reliable information.
Risk with Low Level Radiation
Range of opinions: hormesis (small amount is helpful) to no risk (Timestamp: 7:15), reflecting the complexity of the issue.
Misinformation extracted without full explanation of what is/isn't understood (Timestamp: 7:30), leading to misinterpretations.
Lack of awareness, even among physicians (Timestamp: 7:45), emphasizing the need for education across all levels.
Meta-analysis: limited awareness by physicians regarding radiation dose and modalities (Timestamp: 8:00), indicating gaps in knowledge.
Physician Awareness
28% of physicians believe MRI delivers ionizing radiation (Timestamp: 8:15), revealing misconceptions about imaging technologies.
Nearly half of attending physicians and three-quarters of trainees are uncomfortable explaining radiation amounts (Timestamp: 8:30), highlighting a need for better communication skills.
Additional investigations show a continued need for awareness for providers, parents, and the public (Timestamp: 8:45), reinforcing the importance of education.
Strategies for Communication
Content is important, found on websites like Image Gently, Image Wisely, radiologyinfo.org, RPOP, and ICRP (Timestamp: 9:00), providing reliable sources of information.
Delivery is equally important (how you say it) (Timestamp: 9:15), influencing how the message is received.
Good content delivered poorly is a poor message (Timestamp: 9:30), emphasizing the need for effective communication techniques.
Understand the environment and circumstances of the parent or patient (Timestamp: 9:45), tailoring the message to their needs.
Challenges in Clinical Setting
Lack of control, unfamiliarity with equipment (Timestamp: 10:00), creating anxiety and uncertainty.
Parents are surrogates making decisions for kids (Timestamp: 10:15), adding complexity to the communication process.
High anxiety, sense of urgency (Timestamp: 10:30), affecting decision-making and communication.
Potential consequences (acute and long-term) (Timestamp: 10:45), raising concerns and questions.
Limited access to information (Timestamp: 11:00), hindering informed decision-making.
Example: Mother's anxious look when a specialist/physician walks back for a CT scan (Timestamp: 11:15), illustrating the emotional impact.
What is Said and What is Heard
Example: \"One in two thousand risk of cancer\" can be heard as \"That's my child and the 1999 others who don't get cancer,\" (Timestamp: 11:30) highlighting the emotional interpretation of statistics.
Minor risk is elevated in the context of radiation discussions (Timestamp: 11:45), magnifying concerns.
Effective Communication Skills
Three steps (Dr. Levittown): informativeness, interpersonal sensitivity, partnership building (Timestamp: 12:00), providing a framework for effective communication.
Simpler terms: be informed, be sensitive, be engaging (Timestamp: 12:15), summarizing key communication principles.
Risk Communication Challenges
Uncertainty is a challenge (Timestamp: 12:30), requiring transparent and honest communication.
Patient/care provider perspectives vary (Timestamp: 12:45), necessitating tailored approaches.
Low probability is overemphasized (Timestamp: 13:00), leading to disproportionate concerns.
Relative risks (framing in terms of everyday activities) (Timestamp: 13:15), providing context for understanding risks.
How to Frame Risks
Avoid using number of chest x-rays comparisons (can be alarming) (Timestamp: 13:30), minimizing anxiety.
Keep it simple; start with simple discussions (Timestamp: 13:45), ensuring clarity and understanding.
Individualization is key (Paul Gillerman article) (Timestamp: 14:00), tailoring communication to individual needs.
Tailor communication to the audience (Timestamp: 14:15), considering their background and knowledge.
Pediatricians and Risk Communication
Pediatricians may be asked if radiation \"will hurt,\" (Timestamp: 14:30) requiring effective communication strategies.
Need strategies for communication for providers at the point of care (Timestamp: 14:45), ensuring consistent messaging.
Using Heart disease, cancer, stroke examples in the risk graph for health care providers, trainees imaging experts for risk comparison (Timestamp: 15:00), providing a broader perspective.
Emergency Settings
Article by Josh Broder and Dr. Frasch lists specific responses to communications (Timestamp: 15:15), offering practical guidance.
WHO publication on communicating radiation risk in pediatric imaging (2016) (Timestamp: 15:30), providing global recommendations.
Message mapping strategy: keep it simple, clear language, anticipate questions (Timestamp: 15:45), facilitating clear communication.
Message Mapping Example
Message: \"This CT is medically indicated and will be properly done. Thus, the benefits will outweigh the radiation risk,\" (Timestamp: 16:00) conveying a clear and reassuring message.
Anticipated Question: \"What are radiation risks? What are the doses?\" (Timestamp: 16:15), preparing for common inquiries.
Response: \"The radiation dose will be small…,\" (Timestamp: 16:30) providing a concise and informative answer.
Social Marketing - Image Gently Example
Message: Take care of all children regardless of size, age etc.. Message is simple and direct (Timestamp: 16:45), promoting inclusivity.
Messengers: over 100 organizations (amplification of the message) (Timestamp: 17:00), expanding reach and impact.
Messaging: website, social media campaigns, etc. (Timestamp: 17:15), utilizing various channels to disseminate information.
Bad Conversation- Good Conversation Scenarios (Timestamp: 17:30)
Will it cause cancer?
relatively high
*This shows lack of confidence.
Bad Conversation
Will it cause cause cancer? (Timestamp: 17:45)
I can answer it, we will do the right thing. It is important, and it is necessary.
Avoid numbers- any further questions?
Social Media Engagement
Shift to social media communication (Twitter) (Timestamp: 18:00), recognizing the importance of online engagement.
Radiologists need to be more engaged to alleviate concerns (Timestamp: 18:15), ensuring accurate information is shared.
Door-to-door approach instead of sitting in the store (websites) (Timestamp: 18:30), emphasizing proactive communication.
Target groups, better use of social media (Timestamp: 18:45), tailoring messages to specific audiences.
Targeted Information - Website
Image Gently developed a microsite specifically for parents (imagegentlyparents.org) (Timestamp: 19:00), providing a dedicated resource.
Web design: keywords, search optimization (Timestamp: 19:15), improving accessibility and visibility.
Consent for Medical Imaging
WHO conference results: 70% felt signed informed consent isn't necessary (Timestamp: 19:30), reflecting varying perspectives.
Challenges: after one CT or 100 chest x-rays? Cumulative dose? Gender-based language? Age? (Timestamp: 19:45), raising complex questions.
Point-counterpoint in radiology articles (2016) (Timestamp: 20:00), stimulating discussion and debate.
Does it discourage examination? (Timestamp: 20:15), considering potential impacts.
Balanced Information
Emphasize balanced information (positive email) (Timestamp: 20:30), promoting objectivity.
There is continued confusion online. Focus on value (Timestamp: 20:45), addressing misinformation.
Move from defending to promoting the value of what is being done (Timestamp: 21:00), shifting the focus to benefits.
Conclusion
CT is invaluable. Understand your audience (Timestamp: 21:15), recognizing the importance of context.
Content and delivery are critical. Share the value (Timestamp: 21:30), communicating